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Drug Details
01. General Information
Name Fluorouracil
PubChem CID 3385
Molecular Weight 130.08g/mol
Synonyms

5-Fluorouracil, fluorouracil, 51-21-8, 5-FU, Fluoroplex, Efudex, Adrucil, Carac, Fluracil, Fluoroblastin, Queroplex, 5-fluoropyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione, Phthoruracil, Carzonal, Kecimeton, Fluril, Fluracilum, Timazin, Arumel, Efudix, Ulup, 5-Fluoracil, Fluorouracilum, Fluro Uracil, 5 Fluorouracil, 5-Fluoruracil, 5-fluoro-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione, Ftoruracil, Fluri, 5-Fluoro-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione, Effluderm (free base), Fluorouracilo, Fluroblastin, 5-Fluoropyrimidine-2,4-dione, Efurix, Fluoro-uracile, Fluoro-uracilo, Uracil, 5-fluoro-, Ro 2-9757, 5-Faracil, Cinco FU, Fluorouracile, 2,4(1H,3H)-Pyrimidinedione, 5-fluoro-, 2,4-Dihydroxy-5-fluoropyrimidine, 5-fluoro-uracil, 5-Fluor-2,4-pyrimidindiol, 5-fluoropyrimidine-2,4-diol, 2,4-Dioxo-5-fluoropyrimidine, Fluorouricil, NSC-19893, 5-Fluoropyrimidin-2,4-diol, 5-fluoro uracil, 5-Ftouracyl, 5-Fluoro-2,4-pyrimidinedione, NSC 19893, Fluorouracil Cream, 5-Fluor-2,4-dihydroxypyrimidin, Fluorouracil, 5-, Ro-2-9757, U-8953, Fluorouracilum [INN-Latin], Fluorouracilo [INN-Spanish], Fluouracil, CCRIS 2582, Tolak, 191047-65-1, Fluoro Uracil, HSDB 3228, 5-Fluracil, EINECS 200-085-6, FU, 5-Fluor-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidindion, UNII-U3P01618RT, 5 FU, 5-fluoro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-2,4-dione, DTXSID2020634, CHEBI:46345, AI3-25297, U3P01618RT, NSC19893, Ro-29757, 5FU, CHEMBL185, 2,4-Pyrimidinediol, 5-fluoro- (9CI), DTXCID40634, MLS000069498, 191047-64-0, 191115-88-5, Phtoruracil, EC 200-085-6, MFCD00006018, URF, Fluorouracil [USAN:USP:INN:BAN:JAN], NCGC00015442-02, Effluderm, SMR000038082, Fluorouracile [DCIT], 5-Fluoracil [German], 5-Fluoracyl, 5-Fluoruracil [German], Fluorouracilum (INN-Latin), Fluorouracilo (INN-Spanish), FLUOROURACIL (MART.), FLUOROURACIL [MART.], 1004-03-1, FLUOROURACIL (USP-RS), FLUOROURACIL [USP-RS], 5-FLUOROURACIL (IARC), 5-FLUOROURACIL [IARC], Flurablastin, FLUOROURACIL (EP MONOGRAPH), FLUOROURACIL [EP MONOGRAPH], FLUOROURACIL (USP MONOGRAPH), FLUOROURACIL [USP MONOGRAPH], CAS-51-21-8, Fluoroplex (TN), 5-Fluor-2,4-pyrimidindiol [Czech], Fluorouracil (USAN:USP:INN:BAN:JAN), Adrucil (TN), Carac (TN), FLUCYTOSINE IMPURITY A (EP IMPURITY), FLUCYTOSINE IMPURITY A [EP IMPURITY], 5-Fluor-2,4-dihydroxypyrimidin [Czech], SR-01000075881, 5-Fluor-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidindion [Czech], inhibits thymilidate synthetase, AccuSite, 2,4-Dioxo-5-fluoropryimidine, 5-fluorourasil, 5-florouracil, 5-fluorouacil, 5 Fluorouracilum, 5-FU (TN), 1upf, 5F-uracil, U 8953, Fluorouracil; 5-Fluoropyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione; Flucytosine Imp. A (EP); Flucytosine Impurity A, Adrucil (ICN), 23935-92-4, 2794-13-0, Adrucil (Fluorouracil), Spectrum_000841, Opera_ID_134, 5-Fluorouracil, 99%, Spectrum2_000076, Spectrum3_000434, Spectrum4_000557, Spectrum5_000718, WLN: T6MVMVJ EF, FLUOROURACIL [MI], Lopac-F-6627, F0151, 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), FLUOROURACIL [INN], FLUOROURACIL [JAN], UPCMLD-DP130, F 6627, FLUOROURACIL [HSDB], FLUOROURACIL [USAN], SCHEMBL3646, 5-fluorpyrimidin-2,4-diol, FLUOROURACIL [VANDF], Folfox component fluorouracil, Lopac0_000536, BSPBio_002048, FLUCYTOSINE IMPURITY A, KBioGR_001253, KBioSS_001321, 2(1H)-Pyrimidinone, 5-fluoro-4-hydroxy- (9CI), 4(3H)-Pyrimidinone, 5-fluoro-2-hydroxy- (9CI), MLS002415705, DivK1c_000054, FLUOROURACIL [WHO-DD], FLUOROURACIL [WHO-IP], SPECTRUM1500305, SPBio_000291, EMTRICITABINE IMPURITY F, 5-fluoro-2,4-dioxo-pyrimidin, 5-fluoro-pyrimidine-2,4-diol, GTPL4789, UPCMLD-DP130:001, Fluorouracil (JP17/USP/INN), HMS500C16, KBio1_000054, KBio2_001321, KBio2_003889, KBio2_006457, KBio3_001268, 5-Fluoro-2,3H)-pyrimidinedione, 5-FLUOROURACIL [WHO-IP], L01BC02, 2,4-Pyrimidinedione, 5-fluoro-, NINDS_000054, BCPP000428, FLUOROURACIL [ORANGE BOOK], HMS1920O18, HMS2090I04, HMS2091F19, HMS3259O03, HMS3261L13, HMS3654K22, HMS3715H03, HMS3865L03, Pharmakon1600-01500305, 5-Fluorouracil, analytical standard, BCP02083, 2,3H)-Pyrimidinedione, 5-fluoro-, Fluorouracil (5-Fluoracil, 5-FU), Fluorouracil (5-Fluoracil; 5-FU), Tox21_110150, Tox21_202335, Tox21_300112, Tox21_500536, BDBM50340677, CCG-39879, DL-399, NSC757036, NSC816997, s1209, STK297802, STL367375, 5-FLUOROURACIL, [2-14C], 5-FLUOROURACIL, [6-3H]-, FLUOROURACILUM [WHO-IP LATIN], AKOS000119162, AKOS003237897, AKOS008044307, Tox21_110150_1, BCP9000239, CS-0993, DB00544, KS-5129, LP00536, NC00454, NSC-757036, NSC-816997, SDCCGSBI-0050519.P005, FLUCYTOSINE IMPURITY A [WHO-IP], IDI1_000054, NCGC00015442-01, NCGC00015442-03, NCGC00015442-04, NCGC00015442-05, NCGC00015442-06, NCGC00015442-07, NCGC00015442-08, NCGC00015442-09, NCGC00015442-10, NCGC00015442-11, NCGC00015442-12, NCGC00015442-15, NCGC00015442-16, NCGC00015442-24, NCGC00015442-30, NCGC00091349-01, NCGC00091349-02, NCGC00091349-03, NCGC00091349-04, NCGC00091349-05, NCGC00091349-07, NCGC00091349-08, NCGC00254023-01, NCGC00259884-01, NCGC00261221-01, 5-Fluoro-2,4(1H, 3H)-pyrimidinedione, 5-Fluoropyrimidine-2,4-(1H,3H)-dione, AC-11201, BF166014, EMTRICITABINE IMPURITY F [WHO-IP], HY-90006, NCI60_001652, SRI-10792-04, SRI-10792-05, SRI-10792-06, SRI-10792_07, SRI-10792_08, 5-Fluoro-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione(5FU), 5-Fluorouracil, >=99% (HPLC), powder, SBI-0050519.P004, 2(1H)-Pyrimidinone, 5-fluoro-4-hydroxy-, 4(3H)-Pyrimidinone, 5-fluoro-2-hydroxy-, 5-Fluoro-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione(5-FU), DB-051923, DB-065735, DB-268958, DB-272209, DB-297613, pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione, 5-fluoro-, 5-Fluoro-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione (5-FU), A7567, AM20100252, EU-0100536, FT-0601511, FT-0668745, FT-0695666, FT-0695667, FT-0707652, NS00000337, SW199617-3, 5-Fluoro-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione(5-FUra), 5-FLUOROPYRIMIDIN-2,4(1H,3H)-DIONE, EN300-33909, Fluorouracil, meets USP testing specifications, C07649, D00584, 5-Fluorouracil, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, >=99%, Q238512, W-60379, (5-fluorouracil)5-Fluoro-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione, 5-Fluoro-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione(5-fluoro uracil), SR-01000075881-1, SR-01000075881-3, SR-01000075881-5, W-202929, 5-Fluoro-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione (5-Fluorouracil), BRD-K24844714-001-02-1, 5-FLUOROPYRIMIDIN-2,4(1H,3H)-DIONE [WHO-IP], Z275128052, 5-Fluoro-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione(5-fluorouracil)(5-FU), 5-Fluorouracil, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R), Fluorouracil, British Pharmacopoeia (BP) Reference Standard, Fluorouracil, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard, Fluorouracil, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, pyrimidine antimetabolite: inhibits nucleic acid replication; tetratogen, Fluorouracil, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material, InChI=1/C4H3FN2O2/c5-2-1-6-4(9)7-3(2)8/h1H,(H2,6,7,8,9
Drug Type Small molecule
Formula C₄H₃FN₂O₂
SMILES C1=C(C(=O)NC(=O)N1)F
InChI 1S/C4H3FN2O2/c5-2-1-6-4(9)7-3(2)8/h1H,(H2,6,7,8,9)
InChIKey GHASVSINZRGABV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Number 51-21-8
ChEMBL ID CHEMBL185
ChEBI ID CHEBI:46345
TTD ID D05LEO
Drug Bank ID DB00544
KEGG ID C07649
Toxicity Organism Test Type Route(Dose)
rat LD50 intraperitoneal(165 mg/kg)
mouse LD50 intraperitoneal(254 mg/kg)
rat LD50 oral(322 mg/kg)
Structure 2D-img
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2D MOL 3D MOL
03. Combinatorial Therapeutic Effect(s)
Synergistic Effect
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Enhancing Drug Efficacy
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Combination Pair ID: 355
Ref_8
Pair Name Withaferin A, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Withaferin A
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2B91] Colorectal cancer Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->Blockade of cell cycle in G2/M phase
Gene Regulation Up-regulation Expression ATF4 hsa468
Down-regulation Expression CTNNB1 hsa1499
Up-regulation Expression DDIT3 hsa1649
Up-regulation Expression EIF2AK3 hsa9451
Up-regulation Expression EIF2S1 hsa1965
Up-regulation Expression HSPA5 hsa3309
In Vitro Model SW480 Colon adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0546
HT-29 Colon adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0320
HCT 116 Colon carcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0291
Result Synergistic antitumor effect of 5-fluorouracil and withaferin-A induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated autophagy and apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells
Combination Pair ID: 436
Ref_9
Pair Name Vanillin, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Vanillin
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2B91] Colorectal cancer Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->Apoptosis
Gene Regulation Up-regulation Cleavage CASP3 hsa836
Up-regulation Cleavage CASP9 hsa842
Up-regulation Phosphorylation MAP3K5 hsa4217
Up-regulation Phosphorylation MAPK14 hsa1432
Down-regulation Expression NNMT hsa4837
Up-regulation Cleavage PARP1 hsa142
Up-regulation Expression TP53 hsa7157
In Vitro Model HT-29 Colon adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0320
SW480 Colon adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0546
In Vivo Model A total of 3×10⁶ cells from each of the SW480/NC and SW480/NNMT cell lines were subcutaneously injected into nude mice (n=5 per cell line).
Result Vanillin is deemed to be a promising anticancer candidate by inhibiting NNMT and may attenuate NNMT‑induced resistance to 5‑Fu in human CRC therapy with few side effects.
Combination Pair ID: 750
Ref_10
Pair Name Thymoquinone, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Thymoquinone
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2A00-2F9Z] Solid tumour or cancer Investigative
Gene Regulation Down-regulation Expression CDH13 hsa1012
Down-regulation Expression COX2 hsa4513
Down-regulation Expression CTNNB1 hsa1499
Up-regulation Expression DKK1 hsa22943
Up-regulation Expression GPX1 hsa2876
Down-regulation Expression NFKB1 hsa4790
Down-regulation Expression NOS2 hsa4843
Up-regulation Expression SMAD4 hsa4089
Up-regulation Expression TGFB1 hsa7040
Up-regulation Expression TGFBR2 hsa7048
Down-regulation Expression VEGFA hsa7422
Down-regulation Expression WNT1 hsa7471
In Vivo Model For induction of colorectal tumorigenesis, AOM was dissolved in normal saline and injected subcutaneously at a dose of 15 mg/kg, once weekly for 2 weeks.
Result Our findings present the first report describing the in vivo enhancement effect of combined TQ and 5-FU against early stages of CRC; however, further studies are required to determine the value of this combination therapy in an advanced long-term model of CRC and also to realize its clinical potential.
Combination Pair ID: 306
Ref_11
Pair Name Thymoquinone, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Thymoquinone
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2C60] Breast cancer Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->Apoptosis
Gene Regulation Up-regulation Expression BAX hsa581
Down-regulation Expression BCL2 hsa596
Up-regulation Expression CASP3 hsa836
Up-regulation Expression CASP8 hsa841
Up-regulation Expression CASP9 hsa842
Down-regulation Expression CDK2 hsa1017
Up-regulation Expression TP53 hsa7157
Down-regulation Expression TYMS hsa7298
In Vitro Model BT-549 Invasive breast carcinoma of no special type Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1092
MDA-MB-231 Breast adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0062
Result TQ and 5-FU probably showed synergistic effect on both of cell cycle and apoptosis of tested TNBC cell lines. Our study reveals that TQ can synergise 5-FU action, and increase its anticancer efficiency against TNBC cells, which might be good choice in drug development for TNBC treatment.
Combination Pair ID: 363
Ref_12
Pair Name Tenacissoside G, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Tenacissoside G
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2B91] Colorectal cancer Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->Apoptosis
Gene Regulation Up-regulation Cleavage CASP3 hsa836
Up-regulation Cleavage CASP8 hsa841
Up-regulation Cleavage CASP9 hsa842
Down-regulation Expression CCND1 hsa595
Down-regulation Expression CDK2 hsa1017
Down-regulation Expression CDK4 hsa1019
Down-regulation Expression CDK6 hsa1021
Up-regulation Expression CDKN1A hsa1026
Up-regulation Phosphorylation TP53 hsa7157
In Vitro Model RKO Colon carcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0504
In Vivo Model RKO cells at a density of 3×10⁶/ml were suspended in cold PBS, and a volume of 100 μl cell suspension was administrated subcutaneously in the right flank of each mouse.
Result TG potentiated 5-FU's inhibitory activity to human colorectal cancer through arresting cell cycle progression and inducing p53-mediated apoptosis, which may present a novel strategy in CRC therapies and contribute to the optimizing clinical application of 5-FU.
Combination Pair ID: 645
Ref_13
Pair Name Tangeretin, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Tangeretin
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2B91] Colorectal cancer Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->DNA damage
Gene Regulation Up-regulation Expression BAX hsa581
Down-regulation Expression BCL2 hsa596
Down-regulation Expression BID hsa637
Up-regulation Expression CASP9 hsa842
Down-regulation Expression MAP1LC3A hsa84557
Up-regulation Phosphorylation MAPK8 hsa5599
Up-regulation Cleavage PARP1 hsa142
Up-regulation Phosphorylation RB1 hsa5925
Up-regulation Phosphorylation TP53 hsa7157
Down-regulation Expression TXN KEGG ID N.A.
In Vitro Model HCT 116 Colon carcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0291
HCT 15 Colon adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0292
KM12-C Colon carcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_9547
Result To our knowledge gained from literature, this study is the first to describe synergistic activity of TAN and 5-FU against colorectal cancer cells.
Combination Pair ID: 553
Ref_14
Pair Name Sulforaphane, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Sulforaphane
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2B90] Colon cancer Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->Apoptosis
Gene Regulation Down-regulation Expression CASP3 hsa836
Up-regulation Expression CASP8 hsa841
In Vitro Model Caco-2 Colon adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0025
LNCaP Prostate carcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0395
HT-29 Colon adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0320
PC-3 Prostate carcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0035
Result An increased cytostatic effect was observed in case of alyssin while for sulforaphane the synergistic interaction with 5-fluorouracil involved an intensification of apoptotic cell death.
Combination Pair ID: 544
Ref_15
Pair Name Sulforaphane, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Sulforaphane
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2C60] Breast cancer Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->Autophagy
Gene Regulation Up-regulation Expression BAX hsa581
Down-regulation Expression BCL2 hsa596
Up-regulation Expression CASP3 hsa836
Down-regulation Expression CASP8 hsa841
Down-regulation Expression CCNB1 hsa891
Up-regulation Expression MAP1LC3B hsa81631
Down-regulation Expression TYMS hsa7298
In Vitro Model MDA-MB-231 Breast adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0062
Result Studies of the interaction mechanism have revealed that sulforaphane and 5-fluorouracil act synergistically in the MDA-MB-231 cells by inducing autophagic cell death and premature senescence.
Combination Pair ID: 33
Ref_16
Pair Name Sinomenium acutum, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Sinomenium acutum
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2B70] Esophageal cancer Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->Mitochondria-mediated apoptosis
Gene Regulation Up-regulation Expression BAX hsa581
Down-regulation Expression BCL2 hsa596
In Vitro Model Eca-109 Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_6898
In Vivo Model Esophageal carcinoma tumors were established in male BALB/c nude mice (4-6 wk, Laboratory Animal Central of Wuhan University) by serial subcutaneous transplantation of Eca-109 cells (1×10⁷ cells/mouse).
Result The combined effects of SIN and 5-FU on esophageal carcinoma were superior to those of the individual compounds, and the drug combination did not increase the side effects of chemotherapy.
Combination Pair ID: 869
Ref_17
Pair Name Shogaol, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Shogaol
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2B90] Colon cancer Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->Autophagy
Gene Regulation Up-regulation Expression ATG7 hsa10533
Up-regulation Expression BAX hsa581
Up-regulation Expression BECN1 hsa8678
Up-regulation Expression CASP3 hsa836
In Vitro Model SW480 Colon adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0546
SW620 Colon adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0547
Result Our data suggest that the addition of 6-shogaol to established chemotherapeutic regimens could potentially be a remarkable therapeutic strategy for colorectal cancer.
Combination Pair ID: 460
Ref_18
Pair Name Shogaol, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Shogaol
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2C12] Hepatocellular carcinoma Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->Blockade of cell cycle in G0/G1 phase
Gene Regulation Down-regulation Expression ABCC1 hsa4363
Down-regulation Phosphorylation AKT1 hsa207
Down-regulation Expression CCNA2 hsa890
Down-regulation Expression CCND1 hsa595
Down-regulation Expression CCNE1 hsa898
Down-regulation Phosphorylation MTOR hsa2475
In Vivo Model 2×10⁶ HepG2 cells/mouse were suspended in serum-free DMEM (200 μL) and then subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of the mice.
Result Influence of 6-shogaol potentiated on 5-fluorouracil treatment of liver cancer by promoting apoptosis and cell cycle arrest by regulating AKT/mTOR/MRP1 signalling
Combination Pair ID: 641
Ref_19
Pair Name Rutin, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Rutin
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2C82] Prostate cancer Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->Apoptosis
Gene Regulation Down-regulation Expression BCL2 hsa596
Up-regulation Expression TP53 hsa7157
In Vitro Model PC-3 Prostate carcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0035
Result Synergistic effects of 5-FU/rutin combination on PC3 cells line enhanced apoptosis, p53 gene expression, and down-regulation of Bcl-2 protein, compared to control separate application. 5-FU/rutin combination does seem an interesting therapeutic pathway to be further investigated.
Combination Pair ID: 38
Ref_20
Pair Name Rutaecarpine, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Rutaecarpine
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2B91] Colorectal cancer Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->Apoptosis
Gene Regulation Down-regulation Expression BCL2 hsa596
Up-regulation Cleavage CASP3 hsa836
Down-regulation Expression CDK4 hsa1019
Down-regulation Expression MYC hsa4609
Down-regulation Phosphorylation STAT3 hsa6774
In Vitro Model HCT 116 Colon carcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0291
HT-29 Colon adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0320
SW480 Colon adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0546
RKO Colon carcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0504
In Vivo Model Each mouse was subcutaneously injected with 1×10⁶ of an HCT cell suspension near the right axilla and the tumor size and weight of each mouse were measured every other day.
Result Combined therapy with 5-FU and RUT exerted a superior curative effect in CRC than treatment with either single drug alone and has potential as a novel therapeutic modality for the treatment of CRC.
Combination Pair ID: 805
Ref_21
Pair Name Pterostilbene, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Pterostilbene
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2B90] Colon cancer Investigative
Gene Regulation Down-regulation Phosphorylation AKT1 hsa207
Up-regulation Expression BAX hsa581
Down-regulation Expression BCL2 hsa596
Up-regulation Expression FOXO1 hsa2308
Up-regulation Expression IFI27 hsa3429
Down-regulation Phosphorylation MAPK1 hsa5594
Up-regulation Cleavage PARP1 hsa142
In Vitro Model HCT 116 Colon carcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0291
Caco-2 Colon adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0025
Result These results provide a rationale for novel combination treatment strategies, especially for patients with 5-FU-resistant tumors expressing ER-β protein.
Combination Pair ID: 952
Ref_22
Pair Name Oroxylin A, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Oroxylin A
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2C12] Hepatocellular carcinoma Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->Apoptosis
Gene Regulation Down-regulation Expression BCL2 hsa596
Down-regulation Expression COX2 hsa4513
Up-regulation Cleavage PARP1 hsa142
Up-regulation Expression TP53 hsa7157
In Vitro Model Hep-G2 Hepatoblastoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0027
In Vivo Model Murine hepatoma 22 (H22) cells were diluted with icy 0.9% saline and inoculated subcutaneously at right axilla of mice (5×10⁶ viable cells/mL).
Result The anti-hepatocellular carcinoma effects in vitro and in vivo of 5-FU and oroxylin A combinations were synergistic and oroxylin A increased the sensitivity of HepG2 cells to 5-FU by modulating the metabolic enzymes of 5-FU and apoptotic-related proteins
Combination Pair ID: 181
Ref_23
Pair Name Oridonin, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Oridonin
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2C90.Z] Renal carcinoma Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->Necroptosis
Gene Regulation Up-regulation Activity MAPK1 hsa5594
Up-regulation Activity MAPK14 hsa1432
Up-regulation Activity MAPK8 hsa5599
In Vitro Model 786-O Renal cell carcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1051
In Vivo Model 786-O cells (1×10⁶) were subcutaneously injected into the right flank.
Result Oridonin enhances the cytotoxicity of 5-FU in renal cancer cells partially through inducing necroptosis, providing evidence of using necroptosis inducers in combination with chemotherapeutic agents for cancer treatment.
Combination Pair ID: 111
Ref_24
Pair Name Norizalpinin, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Norizalpinin
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2B70] Esophageal cancer Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->Apoptosis
Gene Regulation Down-regulation Phosphorylation AKT1 hsa207
Down-regulation Expression IL1B hsa3553
Down-regulation Expression NLRP3 hsa114548
In Vitro Model Eca-109 Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_6898
OE19 Esophageal adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1622
Result Our results indicated that galangin played a synergistic anticancer role through NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition when paired with FU-5.
Combination Pair ID: 347
Ref_25
Pair Name Matairesinol, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Matairesinol
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2C10] Pancreatic cancer Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->Mitochondrial dysfunction
Gene Regulation Up-regulation Phosphorylation AKT1 hsa207
Up-regulation Expression BAX hsa581
Down-regulation Expression FOXM1 hsa2305
Up-regulation Phosphorylation MAPK14 hsa1432
Down-regulation Expression PCNA hsa5111
Down-regulation Expression PLAU hsa5328
Down-regulation Expression VEGFA hsa7422
In Vitro Model MIA PaCa-2 Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0428
PANC-1 Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0480
Result Matairesinol Induces Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Exerts Synergistic Anticancer Effects with 5-Fluorouracil in Pancreatic Cancer Cells
Combination Pair ID: 848
Ref_26
Pair Name Luteolin, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Luteolin
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2A00-2F9Z] Solid tumour or cancer Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->Autophagy
Gene Regulation Up-regulation Expression CASP3 hsa836
Up-regulation Expression CDKN1A hsa1026
Up-regulation Expression DRAM1 hsa55332
Up-regulation Expression TP53 hsa7157
In Vivo Model Solid tumors were induced by intramuscular inoculation of 0.2 mL of ascetic fluid, containing approximately 2.5×10⁶ Ehrlich asites carcinoma cells, in the right thigh of the hind limb of each mouse
Result Current results proved the antitumor therapeutic effects of luteolin alone or combined with 5-FU as a novel strategy for cancer therapy.
Combination Pair ID: 1027
Ref_27
Pair Name Lupeol, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Lupeol
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2C60] Breast cancer Investigative
Biological Phenomena Inhibition-->Cell metastasis
Gene Regulation Up-regulation Expression BAX hsa581
Down-regulation Expression BCL2 hsa596
Up-regulation Expression CDH1 hsa999
Down-regulation Phosphorylation EPHA2 hsa1969
Down-regulation Phosphorylation MET hsa4233
Down-regulation Expression MMP2 hsa4313
Down-regulation Expression SNAI1 hsa6615
Down-regulation Expression SNAI2 hsa6591
Down-regulation Expression TWIST1 hsa7291
Down-regulation Expression VIM hsa7431
In Vitro Model MDA-MB-231 Breast adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0062
4T1 Malignant neoplasms of the mouse mammary gland Mus musculus (Mouse) CVCL_0125
In Vivo Model 4T1 cells (1×10⁶) were injected into the abdominal mammary fat pads of BALB/c mice.
Result These data lay the foundation for the clinical validation of this combination therapy for TNBC patients.
Combination Pair ID: 651
Ref_28
Pair Name Licochalcone A, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Licochalcone A
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2B72] Gastric cancer Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->Blockade of cell cycle in G2/M phase
Gene Regulation Up-regulation Expression BAX hsa581
Down-regulation Expression BCL2 hsa596
Up-regulation Cleavage CASP3 hsa836
Up-regulation Expression CDKN1A hsa1026
Up-regulation Expression IFI27 hsa3429
Up-regulation Expression TP53 hsa7157
In Vitro Model SGC-7901 Human papillomavirus-related cervical adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0520
MKN45 Gastric adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0434
Result LCA alone or in combination with 5-FU may have significant anticancer effects on gastric cancer cells
Combination Pair ID: 578
Ref_29
Pair Name lambda-Carrageenan Oligosaccharides, Fluorouracil
Partner Name lambda-Carrageenan Oligosaccharides
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2B72] Gastric cancer Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->Immunomodulatory
Gene Regulation Down-regulation Phosphorylation AKT1 hsa207
Down-regulation Expression BCL2 hsa596
Up-regulation Cleavage CASP8 hsa841
Up-regulation Expression IFNG hsa3458
Up-regulation Expression PAWR hsa5074
Down-regulation Expression RELA hsa5970
Up-regulation Expression TNF hsa7124
In Vitro Model BGC-823 Human papillomavirus-related cervical adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_3360
THP-1 Childhood acute monocytic leukemia Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0006
In Vivo Model To generate the xenograft animal models, about 2×10⁷ BGC-823 cells in 100 μL PBS were subcutaneously injected into the left front axilla of BALB/c mice.
Result These findings suggested that λ-COS could be used as an immune-modulating agent for chemotherapy.
Combination Pair ID: 65
Ref_30
Pair Name Kaempferol, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Kaempferol
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2B91] Colorectal cancer Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->Apoptosis
Gene Regulation Down-regulation Phosphorylation AKT1 hsa207
Up-regulation Expression BAX hsa581
Down-regulation Expression BCL2 hsa596
Down-regulation Activity PIK3CA hsa5290
Down-regulation Expression TYMS hsa7298
In Vitro Model HCT 8 Colon adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_2478
HCT 116 Colon carcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0291
In Vivo Model To generate HCT116 xenografts in BALB/c nude mice, 3 × 106 HCT116 cells were subcutaneously injected into the left and right flanks of each mouse.
Result The present study demonstrated that kaempferol has a synergistic effect with 5‑FU by inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells via suppression of TS or attenuation of p‑Akt activation. The combination of kaempferol and 5‑FU may be used as an effective therapeutic strategy for colorectal cancer.
Combination Pair ID: 415
Ref_31
Pair Name Icariin, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Icariin
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2B91] Colorectal cancer Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->Apoptosis
Gene Regulation Up-regulation Expression BAX hsa581
Down-regulation Expression BCL-xL hsa598
Up-regulation Cleavage CASP3 hsa836
Up-regulation Cleavage CASP8 hsa841
Up-regulation Cleavage CASP9 hsa842
Down-regulation Expression CCND1 hsa595
Down-regulation Expression NFKB1 hsa4790
Up-regulation Cleavage PARP1 hsa142
In Vitro Model HT-29 Colon adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0320
HCT 116 Colon carcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0291
In Vivo Model HCT116 cells were injected into nude mice, tumour appearance was inspected twice a week.
Result We suggest that combination of icariin with 5-FU might offer a therapeutic benefit to the patients with CRC; however, further studies are required to ascertain this proposition.
Combination Pair ID: 767
Ref_32
Pair Name Honokiol, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Honokiol
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2B62.0] Tongue squamous cell carcinoma Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->Apoptosis
Gene Regulation Down-regulation Expression BCL2 hsa596
Up-regulation Cleavage CASP3 hsa836
Down-regulation Phosphorylation EGFR hsa1956
In Vitro Model HSC-3 Tongue squamous cell carcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1288
HSC-4 Tongue squamous cell carcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1289
In Vivo Model A total of 2×10⁶ HSC-3 cells were suspended in 100 uL serum-free DMEM and injected subcutaneously into the right flank of BALB/c nude mice to establish OSCC xenograft models
Result These findings suggest that HNK and 5-FU exert a synergistic therapeutic effect on OSCC by inducing apoptosis. HNK might thus enhance the clinical therapeutic efficacy of 5-FU without increasing its toxicity.
Combination Pair ID: 502
Ref_33
Pair Name Hexahydrocurcumin, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Hexahydrocurcumin
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2B90] Colon cancer Investigative
Gene Regulation Down-regulation Expression PTGS2 hsa5743
In Vitro Model HT-29 Colon adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0320
Result HHC together with 5-FU exerts a synergistic effect and may prove chemotherapeutically useful in treating human colon cancer.
Combination Pair ID: 501
Ref_34
Pair Name Hexahydrocurcumin, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Hexahydrocurcumin
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2B90] Colon cancer Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->Apoptosis
Gene Regulation Down-regulation Expression PTGS2 hsa5743
In Vivo Model Male Wistar rats weighing 100-120 g were used in study.
Result The combined effects of HHC with 5-FU exhibit a synergistic inhibition by decreasing ACF formation mediated by down-regulation of COX-2 expression.
Combination Pair ID: 263
Ref_35
Pair Name Gynostemma Extract, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Gynostemma Extract
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2B91] Colorectal cancer Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->Blockade of cell cycle in G0/G1 phase
Gene Regulation Up-regulation Cleavage CASP3 hsa836
Up-regulation Cleavage CASP9 hsa842
Up-regulation Phosphorylation H2AX hsa3014
Up-regulation Cleavage PARP1 hsa142
Up-regulation Expression ROS1 hsa6098
Up-regulation Phosphorylation TP53 hsa7157
In Vitro Model SW480 Colon adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0546
SW620 Colon adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0547
Caco-2 Colon adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0025
In Vivo Model Three mice were used as normal control, all others were inoculated with 0.1 ml of CT-26 cells (1×10⁷ cells/ml) into the left oxter region and randomly divided into 6 groups with 6–8 animals in each group.
Result Gypenosides Synergistically Enhances the Anti-Tumor Effect of 5-Fluorouracil on Colorectal Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo: A Role for Oxidative Stress-Mediated DNA Damage and p53 Activation
Combination Pair ID: 467
Ref_36
Pair Name Gossypol, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Gossypol
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2B90] Colon cancer Investigative
Gene Regulation Up-regulation Cleavage CASP3 hsa836
Down-regulation Expression CCND1 hsa595
Down-regulation Phosphorylation MTOR hsa2475
Up-regulation Cleavage PARP1 hsa142
Down-regulation Phosphorylation RPS6KB1 hsa6198
Down-regulation Expression TYMS hsa7298
In Vitro Model HT-29 Colon adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0320
HCT 116 Colon carcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0291
RKO Colon carcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0504
Result These findings suggest that gossypol-mediated down-regulation of TS, cyclin D1, and the mTOR/p70S6K1 signaling pathways enhances the anti-tumor effect of 5-FU. Ultimately, our data exposed a new action for gossypol as an enhancer of 5-FU-induced cell growth suppression.
Combination Pair ID: 118
Ref_37
Pair Name Ginsenoside Ro, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Ginsenoside Ro
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2B70] Esophageal cancer Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->Autophagy
Gene Regulation Up-regulation Expression ATG7 hsa10533
Down-regulation Activity CTSB hsa1508
Down-regulation Activity CTSD hsa1509
Up-regulation Expression MAP1LC3A hsa84557
Up-regulation Expression MAP1LC3B hsa81631
Up-regulation Expression SQSTM1 hsa8878
In Vitro Model Eca-109 Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_6898
Result Ginsenoside Ro suppresses autophagy by interfering with autophagosome-lysosome fusion and lysosomal proteolytic activity via the ESR2-NCF1-ROS axis. Subsequently, such autophagic inhibition reduces CHEK1 degradation, enhances CHEK1-mediated DNA damage checkpoint arrest, and thereby sensitizes tumor cells to 5-Fu-induced cell death.
Combination Pair ID: 939
Ref_38
Pair Name Geraniol, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Geraniol
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2C60] Breast cancer Investigative
Gene Regulation Down-regulation Expression MTOR hsa2475
Up-regulation Expression PTEN hsa5728
Down-regulation Expression TYMS hsa7298
In Vivo Model The aim of the current work is to investigate the potential therapeutic as well as chemosensitizing effects of geraniol on breast carcinoma induced in mice through examination of tumour biomarkers and histopathology profile.
Result It can be concluded that geraniol could represent a promising avenue for breast cancer treatment as well as a potential sensitizing agent when combined with chemotherapeutic drugs.
Combination Pair ID: 940
Ref_39
Pair Name Geraniol, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Geraniol
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2B90] Colon cancer Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->DNA synthesis
In Vitro Model Caco-2 Colon adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0025
SW620 Colon adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0547
In Vivo Model Colorectal tumor TC118 obtained from patients was grafted by subcutaneous implantation of 15 mm3 tumor fragments into the scapular area of nude mice.
Result Geraniol modulates DNA synthesis and potentiates 5-fluorouracil efficacy on human colon tumor xenografts
Combination Pair ID: 885
Ref_40
Pair Name Gambogic Acid, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Gambogic Acid
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2B72] Gastric cancer Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->Apoptosis
Gene Regulation Down-regulation Expression BCL2 hsa596
Down-regulation Expression CASP3 hsa836
Up-regulation Cleavage PAEP hsa5047
Down-regulation Expression PARP1 hsa142
In Vitro Model BGC-823 Human papillomavirus-related cervical adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_3360
In Vivo Model Forty mice were inoculated sub cutaneously with injections of 1×10⁶ BGC-823 cells/mouse.
Result Our data showed that GA attenuated 5-FU-induced apoptosis by modulating metabolic enzymes of 5-FU and the antigastric cancer effect of two drugs combination was much stronger than that of GA or 5-FU alone.
Combination Pair ID: 488
Ref_41
Pair Name Gambogenic acid, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Gambogenic acid
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2C25] Lung cancer Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->Necroptosis
Gene Regulation Up-regulation Expression AIFM1 hsa9131
Up-regulation Expression BAX hsa581
Down-regulation Expression BCL2 hsa596
Up-regulation Expression CASP3 hsa836
Up-regulation Expression CASP9 hsa842
Up-regulation Expression CYCS hsa54205
Up-regulation Expression PPID hsa5481
Up-regulation Expression RIPK1 hsa8737
In Vitro Model A-549 Lung adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0023
Result These mechanisms may be due to the toxicity of targeted toxin to mitochondria via the mitochondrial pathway.
Combination Pair ID: 916
Ref_42
Pair Name Fucoxanthin, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Fucoxanthin
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2B90] Colon cancer Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->DNA damage and cell death
In Vitro Model HCT 116 Colon carcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0291
HT-29 Colon adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0320
Result Since Phloroglucinol and Fucoxanthin alone reduced cancer cell line viability without an effect on normal cells and when in combination enhanced the cytotoxic effect of 5-Fu only in colon cancer cells
Combination Pair ID: 73
Ref_43
Pair Name Fisetin, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Fisetin
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2B91] Colorectal cancer Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->Apoptosis
Gene Regulation Down-regulation Phosphorylation AKT1 hsa207
Down-regulation Phosphorylation AKT1S1 hsa84335
Down-regulation Phosphorylation EIF4E KEGG ID N.A.
Down-regulation Phosphorylation EIF4EBP1 hsa1978
Down-regulation Expression MLST8 KEGG ID N.A.
Down-regulation Phosphorylation MTOR hsa2475
Down-regulation Expression PIK3CA hsa5290
Up-regulation Phosphorylation PRKAA1 hsa5562
Down-regulation Expression RICTOR hsa253260
Down-regulation Phosphorylation RPS6KB1 hsa6198
Down-regulation Expression RPTOR hsa57521
In Vitro Model SW480 Colon adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0546
HCT 116 Colon carcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0291
HT-29 Colon adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0320
In Vivo Model Since FC13K1ApcMin/+ mice develop adenomas around 1 month of age, the treatment with fisetin and 5-FU by intraperitoneal injection was started between 26 and 30 days.
Result Fisetin and 5-fluorouracil: Effective combination for PIK3CA-mutant colorectal cancer
Combination Pair ID: 785
Ref_44
Pair Name Eugenol, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Eugenol
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2C77] Cervical cancer Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->Blockade of cell cycle in S and G2/M phase
In Vitro Model HeLa Human papillomavirus-related cervical adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0030
Result Eugenol interacts synergistically with 5-fluorouracil against human cervical cancer, HeLa cell lines, by blocking the cell cycle and inducing apoptosis
Combination Pair ID: 124
Ref_45
Pair Name Epigallocatechin gallate, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Epigallocatechin gallate
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2B91] Colorectal cancer Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->Apoptosis
Gene Regulation Down-regulation Expression ABCB1 hsa5243
Down-regulation Expression ABCB1 hsa5243
Up-regulation Expression BAD hsa572
Down-regulation Expression BCL2 hsa596
Up-regulation Cleavage CASP3 hsa836
Down-regulation Expression HSPA5 hsa3309
Up-regulation Expression MIR155 hsa406947
Up-regulation Activity NFKB1 hsa4790
Up-regulation Cleavage PARP1 hsa142
In Vitro Model DLD-1 Colon adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0248
HCT 116 Colon carcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0291
Result Our data show that EGCG may be act as a novel chemo-sensitizer, and the GRP78/NF-κB/miR-155-5p/MDR1 pathway plays a vital role in EGCG enhancing the sensitivity of colorectal cancer to 5-FU.
Combination Pair ID: 690
Ref_46
Pair Name Cucurbitacin I, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Cucurbitacin I
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2B90] Colon cancer Investigative
Biological Phenomena Inhibition-->Cell metastasis
Gene Regulation Down-regulation Expression MMP9 hsa4318
Down-regulation Phosphorylation STAT3 hsa6774
In Vitro Model COLO 205 Colon adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0218
Result Our results suggest that cucurbitacin I may be a potent adjuvant chemotherapeutic agent for colon cancer with anti-migration, anti-invasion and chemosensitizing activities.
Combination Pair ID: 865
Ref_47
Pair Name Corilagin, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Corilagin
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2B91] Colorectal cancer Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->Blockade of cell cycle in S phase
Gene Regulation Down-regulation Expression CDK2 hsa1017
Up-regulation Expression CDKN1A hsa1026
Down-regulation Expression HSPA5 hsa3309
In Vitro Model HCT 8 Colon adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_2478
SW480 Colon adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0546
Result Our results indicate that Corilagin acts as a potentiator of 5-fluorouracil and may have therapeutic potential for patients with CRC.
Combination Pair ID: 424
Ref_48
Pair Name Cianidanol, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Cianidanol
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2B72] Gastric cancer Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->ROS-mediated apoptosis
Gene Regulation Up-regulation Expression BAX hsa581
Down-regulation Expression BCL2 hsa596
Up-regulation Cleavage CASP3 hsa836
Up-regulation Cleavage CASP9 hsa842
Up-regulation Expression LDHA hsa3939
Up-regulation Cleavage PARP1 hsa142
In Vitro Model SNU-620 Gastric adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_5079
Result We suggest catechin as a candidate for the development of a novel adjuvant drug that reduces chemoresistance to 5FU by restricting LDHA.
Combination Pair ID: 774
Ref_49
Pair Name Chlorogenic acid, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Chlorogenic acid
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2C12] Hepatocellular carcinoma Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->ROS generation
Gene Regulation Down-regulation Expression MAPK1 hsa5594
Down-regulation Expression MAPK3 hsa5595
In Vitro Model Hep-G2 Hepatoblastoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0027
Hep 3B2.1-7 Childhood hepatocellular carcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0326
Result CGA sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma cells to 5-FU treatment by the suppression of ERK activation through the overproduction of ROS. CGA has shown potential as a chemosensitizer of 5-FU chemotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Combination Pair ID: 132
Ref_50
Pair Name Casticin, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Casticin
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2B33.4] Leukemia Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->Mitochondria-mediated apoptosis
Gene Regulation Up-regulation Activity CASP3 hsa836
Up-regulation Activity CASP8 hsa841
Up-regulation Activity CASP9 hsa842
Up-regulation Expression PARP1 hsa142
In Vitro Model WEHI-3 Mouse leukemia Mus musculus (Mouse) CVCL_3622
Result We may suggest that 5-FU combined with casticin treatment increased apoptotic cell death in WEHI-3 mouse leukemia cells that may undergo mitochondria and caspases signaling pathways in vitro.
Combination Pair ID: 428
Ref_51
Pair Name Carvacrol, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Carvacrol
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2C60] Breast cancer Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->Apoptosis
Gene Regulation Down-regulation Expression ABCB1 hsa5243
In Vitro Model MCF-7 Invasive breast carcinoma of no special type Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0031
Result Our results suggest that carvacrol can downregulate P-gp expression and combination therapy with carvacrol and 5-FU is considered a novel approach to improve the efficacy of chemotherapeutics in cancer patients with high P-glycoprotein expression.
Combination Pair ID: 835
Ref_52
Pair Name Capsaicin, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Capsaicin
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2C17] Hepatocellular carcinoma Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->Autophagy
Gene Regulation Up-regulation Phosphorylation AKT1 hsa207
Down-regulation Expression ATG3 hsa64422
Down-regulation Expression BECN1 hsa8678
Up-regulation Expression MAP1LC3A hsa84557
Up-regulation Phosphorylation RPS6KB1 hsa6198
In Vitro Model QBC939 Cholangiocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_6942
Mz-ChA-1 Gallbladder carcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_6932
SK-ChA-1 Cholangiocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_6952
Result These results demonstrate that capsaicin may be a useful adjunct therapy to improve chemosensitivity in CCA. This effect likely occurs via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway activation, suggesting a promising strategy for the development of combination drugs for CCA.
Combination Pair ID: 322
Ref_53
Pair Name Caffeic acid phenethyl ester, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Caffeic acid phenethyl ester
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2C60] Breast cancer Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->Apoptosis
Gene Regulation Up-regulation Expression BAX hsa581
Up-regulation Expression CASP3 hsa836
In Vitro Model MCF-7 Invasive breast carcinoma of no special type Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0031
Result This study demonstrated the cytotoxicity of CAPE potential to induce apoptosis of breast cancer MCF-7 cell line single and cytotoxic-cytostatic combination with 5-FU. Therefore, further studies to develop CAPE and its derivatives will be required to discover new candidates for breast cancer agents.
Combination Pair ID: 352
Ref_54
Pair Name Bufalin, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Bufalin
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2B91] Colorectal cancer Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->Apoptosis
Gene Regulation Up-regulation Expression BAD hsa572
Up-regulation Expression BAX hsa581
Down-regulation Expression BCL2 hsa596
Down-regulation Expression MCL1 hsa4170
Down-regulation Expression XIAP hsa331
In Vitro Model HCT 116 Colon carcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0291
Result Bufalin in combination with 5-FU may induce a higher level of apoptosis compared with monotherapy, and the combination mat be a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
Combination Pair ID: 463
Ref_55
Pair Name Biochanin A, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Biochanin A
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2C60] Breast cancer Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->Apoptosis
Gene Regulation Down-regulation Expression AKT1 hsa207
Down-regulation Expression BIRC5 hsa332
Down-regulation Expression CCND1 hsa595
Down-regulation Expression ESR1 hsa2099
Down-regulation Expression MMP2 hsa4313
Down-regulation Expression VEGFA hsa7422
In Vitro Model MCF-7 Invasive breast carcinoma of no special type Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0031
MDA-MB-231 Breast adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0062
In Vivo Model Ehrlich solid-phase carcinoma was inducedviathe subcutane-ous inoculation of 0.2 ml of ascetic fluid, containing 2.5×10⁶ EACcells, into the right thigh of the hind limb of each mouse.
Result The synergistic antitumor effect of Bio-A/ 5-FU combination can be, at least partly, attributed to Bio-A-mediated suppression of ER-α/Akt axis and the augmentation of 5-FU-mediated proapoptotic effects.
Combination Pair ID: 236
Ref_56
Pair Name Beta-Elemene, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Beta-Elemene
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2C60] Breast cancer Investigative
Gene Regulation Down-regulation Phosphorylation AKT1 hsa207
Down-regulation Expression CD40 hsa958
Down-regulation Expression CHUK hsa1147
Down-regulation Expression IKBKB hsa3551
Down-regulation Phosphorylation MAPK1 hsa5594
Down-regulation Phosphorylation PDK1 hsa5163
Down-regulation Expression PIK3CA hsa5290
Down-regulation Expression PIK3CA hsa5290
Down-regulation Expression PIK3R1 hsa5295
Down-regulation Phosphorylation RAF1 hsa5894
Down-regulation Expression RELA hsa5970
In Vitro Model MDA-MB-231 Breast adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0062
BT-549 Invasive breast carcinoma of no special type Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1092
In Vivo Model MDA-MB-231 cells (5×10⁶ cells in 100 µL of PBS) were subcutaneously injected to the left flank of each mouse.
Result The conclusion obtained, considering that the results suggest that the combination may be important specifically in the treatment of TNBC.
Combination Pair ID: 71
Ref_57
Pair Name Baicalin, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Baicalin
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2B72] Gastric cancer Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->ROS-related ferroptosis
Gene Regulation Up-regulation Expression COX2 hsa4513
Down-regulation Expression GPX4 hsa2879
Up-regulation Expression NOX1 hsa27035
Up-regulation Expression TFRC hsa7037
In Vitro Model SGC-7901 Human papillomavirus-related cervical adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0520
AGS Gastric adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0139
Result Baicalin inhibits GC and enhances 5-Fu by promoting ROS-related ferroptosis in GC.
Combination Pair ID: 72
Ref_58
Pair Name Baicalin, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Baicalin
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2B91] Colorectal cancer Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->Proliferation
Gene Regulation Down-regulation Expression CCND1 hsa595
Down-regulation Expression CDK4 hsa1019
Down-regulation Expression CDK6 hsa1021
Down-regulation Expression DHFR hsa1719
Down-regulation Expression E2F1 hsa1869
Up-regulation Phosphorylation NDRG1 hsa10397
Down-regulation Phosphorylation RB1 hsa5925
Down-regulation Expression TK1 hsa7083
Down-regulation Expression TYMS hsa7298
In Vitro Model HT-29 Colon adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0320
HCT 116 Colon carcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0291
In Vivo Model MC38 cells (2×10⁶ cells per mouse) were inoculated subcutaneously into the right flank of C57BL/6 mice.
Result These results indicate that HQ and its component baicalin enhance the effect of 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy via inhibition of CDK-RB pathway. These findings may provide the rational basis for developing agents that can overcome the development of cellular drug resistance. Video Abstract.
Combination Pair ID: 70
Ref_59
Pair Name Baicalin, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Baicalin
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2A00-2F9Z] Solid tumour or cancer Investigative
Biological Phenomena Inhibition-->Vasculogenic mimicry
Gene Regulation Up-regulation Expression BAX hsa581
Down-regulation Expression BCL2 hsa596
Up-regulation Expression CASP3 hsa836
Down-regulation Expression IL1B hsa3553
Down-regulation Expression NFKB1 hsa4790
Up-regulation Expression TP53 hsa7157
Down-regulation Expression VEGFA hsa7422
In Vitro Model EAC-E2G8 Malignant neoplasms of the mouse mammary gland Mus musculus (Mouse) CVCL_WJ08
In Vivo Model EAC cells were suspended in sterile isotonic saline to reach a fixed concentration of 2.5 million EAC cells in 0.1 mL of suspension.
Result BA is a promising preventive or adjuvant therapy in breast cancer treatment with 5-FU mainly via cooperative inhibition of inflammation, angiogenesis, and triggering apoptotic cell death.
Combination Pair ID: 195
Ref_60
Pair Name Andrographolide, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Andrographolide
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2C12] Hepatocellular carcinoma Investigative
Gene Regulation Up-regulation Expression CYP1A2 hsa1544
Down-regulation Expression CYP2D6 hsa1565
Up-regulation Expression CYP3A4 hsa1576
In Vitro Model Hep-G2 Hepatoblastoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0027
Result Interactive effects of Andrographis paniculata extracts and cancer chemotherapeutic 5-Fluorouracil on cytochrome P450s expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells
Combination Pair ID: 418
Ref_61
Pair Name Anacardic Acid, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Anacardic Acid
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2C10] Pancreatic cancer Investigative
Gene Regulation Up-regulation Expression CHMP1A hsa5119
Up-regulation Phosphorylation TP53 hsa7157
In Vitro Model Capan-2 Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0026
BxPC-3 Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0186
PANC-1 Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0480
Result Our data suggests that Anacardic Acid might be a promising complementary supplement to slow the initiation or progression of pancreatic cancer.
Combination Pair ID: 911
Ref_62
Pair Name Allicin, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Allicin
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2C12] Hepatocellular carcinoma Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway
Gene Regulation Down-regulation Expression BCL2 hsa596
Up-regulation Cleavage CASP3 hsa836
Up-regulation Cleavage PARP1 hsa142
Up-regulation Expression ROS1 hsa6098
In Vitro Model SK-HEP-1 Liver and intrahepatic bile duct epithelial neoplasm Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0525
BEL-7402 Human papillomavirus-related cervical adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_5492
In Vivo Model Male athymic nude mice (4-6-week) were injected subcutaneously into left flank with 1×10⁷ GFP-SK-Hep-1 cells.
Result Allicin sensitizes hepatocellular cancer cells to anti-tumor activity of 5-fluorouracil through ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway
Reversing Drug Resistance
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Combination Pair ID: 121
Ref_63
Pair Name Troxerutin, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Troxerutin
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2B72] Gastric cancer Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->Apoptosis
Gene Regulation Down-regulation Expression BCL2 hsa596
Down-regulation Expression NFKB1 hsa4790
Down-regulation Expression RELA hsa5970
Down-regulation Phosphorylation STAT3 hsa6774
In Vitro Model SGC-7901 Human papillomavirus-related cervical adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0520
GES-1 Healthy Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_EQ22
Result Our data indicated a novel therapeutic strategy to potentiate 5-FU-induced anti-tumor effect in gastric cancer cells with resistance to 5-FU by TXN through suppression of p-STAT3/NF-κB (p65 and p50) and Bcl-2.
Combination Pair ID: 979
Ref_64
Pair Name Quercetin, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Quercetin
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2B90] Colon cancer Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->Apoptosis
Gene Regulation Down-regulation Expression HMOX1 hsa3162
Down-regulation Expression NFE2L2 hsa4780
In Vitro Model HCT 116 Colon carcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0291
Result Our results suggest that Que reverses 5-FU resistance in CC cells via modulating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
Combination Pair ID: 19
Ref_65
Pair Name Oxymatrine, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Oxymatrine
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2B90] Colon cancer Investigative
Biological Phenomena Inhibition-->Epithelial-mesenchymal transition
Gene Regulation Down-regulation Expression ABCB1 hsa5243
Up-regulation Expression CDH1 hsa999
Down-regulation Phosphorylation RELA hsa5970
Down-regulation Expression SNAI2 hsa6591
Down-regulation Expression VIM hsa7431
In Vitro Model HCT 8 Colon adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_2478
Result Oxymatrine reverses 5-fluorouracil resistance by inhibition of colon cancer cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition and NF-kappa B signaling in vitro
Combination Pair ID: 411
Ref_66
Pair Name Kaempferol, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Kaempferol
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2B91] Colorectal cancer Investigative
Biological Phenomena Inhibition-->Aerobic glycolysis
Gene Regulation Down-regulation Expression HNRNPA1 hsa3178
Down-regulation Expression HNRNPA2B1 hsa3181
Down-regulation Expression PKM hsa5315
Down-regulation Expression PTBP1 hsa5725
In Vitro Model HCT 8 Colon adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_2478
Result Our data suggest that kaempferol may play an important role in overcoming resistance to 5-Fu therapy by regulating the miR-326-hnRNPA1/A2/PTBP1-PKM2 axis.
Combination Pair ID: 105
Ref_67
Pair Name Chrysin, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Chrysin
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2B72] Gastric cancer Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->Blockade of cell cycle in G2/M phase
Gene Regulation Down-regulation Phosphorylation AKT1 hsa207
Up-regulation Expression BAX hsa581
Up-regulation Cleavage CASP3 hsa836
Up-regulation Cleavage CASP9 hsa842
Down-regulation Expression CCNB1 hsa891
Up-regulation Expression CCND1 hsa595
Down-regulation Expression CDK1 hsa983
Up-regulation Expression CDK6 hsa1021
Up-regulation Expression CDKN1A hsa1026
Up-regulation Expression TP53 hsa7157
In Vitro Model AGS Gastric adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0139
Result Potentiating activities of chrysin in the therapeutic efficacy of 5-fluorouracil in gastric cancer cells
Combination Pair ID: 683
Ref_68
Pair Name Andrographolide, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Andrographolide
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2B91] Colorectal cancer Investigative
Gene Regulation Down-regulation Phosphorylation AKT1 hsa207
Down-regulation Expression DKK1 hsa22943
Result Our data provide novel evidence for andrographis-mediated reversal of 5FU resistance, highlighting its potential role as an adjunct to conventional chemotherapy in CRC.
Combination Pair ID: 556
Ref_69
Pair Name Allicin, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Allicin
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2B72] Gastric cancer Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->Apoptosis
Gene Regulation Down-regulation Expression ABCB1 hsa5243
Down-regulation Expression ABCB1 hsa5243
Down-regulation Expression CD44 hsa960
Down-regulation Expression DKK1 hsa22943
Down-regulation Expression WNT5A hsa7474
In Vitro Model MKN45 Gastric adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0434
Result Our findings indicate that the combination of allicin with 5-FU could reverse multidrug resistance in the GC cells by reducing the expression of WNT5A, DKK1, MDR1, P-gp, and CD44 levels.
Decreasing Drug Toxicity
Hide/Show
Combination Pair ID: 976
Ref_1
Pair Name Quercetin, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Quercetin
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2B90] Colon cancer Investigative
In Vitro Model HT-29 Colon adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0320
In Vivo Model Rats were assigned to two groups. The 5-FU/quercetin group received intraperitoneal quercetin (10 mg/kg) and the Tween was injected to the control group for 14 consecutive days. On the 15th day, both groups received 50 mg/kg of 5-FU.
Result Interaction of quercetin and 5-fluorouracil: cellular and pharmacokinetic study
Combination Pair ID: 412
Ref_2
Pair Name Puerarin, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Puerarin
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2B70] Esophageal cancer Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->Apoptosis
Gene Regulation Up-regulation Expression CDH1 hsa999
Down-regulation Expression CDH2 hsa1000
In Vitro Model Eca-109 Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_6898
In Vivo Model A total of 24 mice were inoculated subcutaneously with injections of 1×10⁷ cells/mouse.
Result Puerarin combined with 5‑FU exhibited synergistic effects at lower concentrations and promoted apoptosis, but did not increase the side effects of chemotherapy, which indicated that puerarin may be a safe and effective chemosensitive agent in the treatment of human esophageal cancer.
Combination Pair ID: 413
Ref_3
Pair Name Puerarin, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Puerarin
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2B72] Gastric cancer Investigative
Gene Regulation Up-regulation Expression BAX hsa581
Down-regulation Expression BCL2 hsa596
In Vitro Model BGC-823 Human papillomavirus-related cervical adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_3360
In Vivo Model Cells (5×10⁶ cells/mouse) were injected subcutaneously into the right dorsal area.
Result These findings showed that puerarin and 5‑FU produced a significant synergic effect on gastric cancer cells, while there was no increase in side effects.
Combination Pair ID: 509
Ref_4
Pair Name Mahanine, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Mahanine
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2B90] Colon cancer Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->ROS generation
Gene Regulation Down-regulation Phosphorylation MDM2 hsa4193
Up-regulation Phosphorylation PTEN hsa5728
Up-regulation Expression TP53 hsa7157
Down-regulation Expression TP73 hsa7161
In Vitro Model HCT 116 Colon carcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0291
SW480 Colon adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0546
Result Mahanine synergistically enhances cytotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil through ROS-mediated activation of PTEN and p53/p73 in colon carcinoma.
Combination Pair ID: 395
Ref_5
Pair Name Curcumin, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Curcumin
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2B91] Colorectal cancer Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->Apoptosis
Gene Regulation Down-regulation Expression L1CAM hsa3897
Down-regulation Phosphorylation MAPK1 hsa5594
Down-regulation Phosphorylation STAT1 hsa6772
In Vitro Model SW620 Colon adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0547
In Vivo Model SW620 cells (5×10⁶/0.1 ml Matrigel, Sigma-Aldrich) were injected subcutaneously into the lower right flank of female nude mice.
Result We conclude that curcumin promotes chemosensitivity of CRC cells to 5-FU by downregulating L1 expression. Our findings provide experimental evidence for the synergism between curcumin and 5-FU, which can be utilized in clinical applications for reducing the toxicity and adverse effects of 5-FU.
Combination Pair ID: 714
Ref_6
Pair Name Crocin, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Crocin
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2B91] Colorectal cancer Investigative
Gene Regulation Down-regulation Phosphorylation AKT1 hsa207
Down-regulation Expression CCND1 hsa595
Up-regulation Expression CDH1 hsa999
Down-regulation Expression PIK3CB KEGG ID N.A.
In Vitro Model CT26 Mouse colon adenocarcinoma Mus musculus (Mouse) CVCL_7254
In Vivo Model Eight-week old female C57BL/6 mice were supplied by Pasteur Institute (Tehran, Iran) and divided into four groups (n = 6 each): control, treated with 5-FU, or crocin, or a 5-FU/crocin combination. Mice were given a single intraperitoneal injection of AOM (10 mg/kg body weight followed by three cycles of 1.5% DSS in drinking water for 1 week and normal drinking water for 2 weeks.
Result We demonstrated an antitumor activity of crocin in CRC and its potential role in improvement of inflammation with mucosal ulcers and high-grade dysplastic crypts, supporting the desireability of further investigations on the therapeutic potential of this approach in CRC.
Combination Pair ID: 1004
Ref_7
Pair Name Artesunate, Fluorouracil
Partner Name Artesunate
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2B91] Colorectal cancer Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->Cell senescence
Gene Regulation Down-regulation Expression CDKN1A hsa1026
Down-regulation Expression CDKN2A hsa1029
Down-regulation Phosphorylation MAPK14 hsa1432
Down-regulation Phosphorylation MTOR hsa2475
Down-regulation Phosphorylation PRKAA1 hsa5562
Down-regulation Phosphorylation RELA hsa5970
Down-regulation Expression TP53 hsa7157
In Vitro Model HCT 116 Colon carcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0291
HIEC-6 Healthy Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_6C21
In Vivo Model HCT116 cells (1×10⁷) were subcutaneously inoculated into the left thigh dorsal region of nude mice, and tumor size was measured every 2 days for xenograft model establishment.
Result Our findings point to the crucial treatment effect of Arte on inflammation, intestinal cell senescence, and CRC cell proliferation and offer a new option for CRC treatment.
04. Reference
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66 Kaempferol Can Reverse the 5-Fu Resistance of Colorectal Cancer Cells by Inhibiting PKM2-Mediated Glycolysis. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Mar 24;23(7):3544. doi: 10.3390/ijms23073544. Click
67 Potentiating activities of chrysin in the therapeutic efficacy of 5-fluorouracil in gastric cancer cells. Oncol Lett. 2021 Jan;21(1):24. doi: 10.3892/ol.2020.12285. Click
68 Andrographis overcomes 5-fluorouracil-associated chemoresistance through inhibition of DKK1 in colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2021 Jun 21;42(6):814-825. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgab027. Click
69 Allicin Reduces 5-fluorouracil-resistance in Gastric Cancer Cells through Modulating MDR1, DKK1, and WNT5A Expression. Drug Res (Stuttg). 2021 Oct;71(8):448-454. doi: 10.1055/a-1525-1499. Click
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