2-isopropyl-5-methylbenzoquinone, 2-methyl-5-isopropyl-p-benzoquinone, dihydrothymoquinone, thymoquinone
| Name | Thymoquinone | ||
| PubChem CID | 10281 | ||
| Molecular Weight | 164.20g/mol | ||
| Synonyms |
2-isopropyl-5-methylbenzoquinone, 2-methyl-5-isopropyl-p-benzoquinone, dihydrothymoquinone, thymoquinone |
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| Formula | C₁₀H₁₂O₂ | ||
| SMILES | CC1=CC(=O)C(=CC1=O)C(C)C | ||
| InChI | 1S/C10H12O2/c1-6(2)8-5-9(11)7(3)4-10(8)12/h4-6H,1-3H3 | ||
| InChIKey | KEQHJBNSCLWCAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N | ||
| CAS Number | 490-91-5 | ||
| ChEMBL ID | CHEMBL1672002 | ||
| ChEBI ID | CHEBI:113532 | ||
| Drug Bank ID | DB16447 | ||
| Toxicity | Organism | Test Type | Route(Dose) |
| rat | LD50 | intraperitoneal(165 mg/kg) | |
| mouse | LD50 | intraperitoneal(254 mg/kg) | |
| rat | LD50 | oral(322 mg/kg) | |
| Structure | 
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Download
2D
MOL
3D
MOL
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| Chineses Pinyin | HeiZhongZiCao | ||
| Use Part | Dried seed | ||
| Flavor | Pungent; Sweet | ||
| Species |
>Kingdom: Viridiplantae
-->Phylum: Streptophyta
-->Class: Equisetopsida
-->Order: Ranunculales
-->Family: Ranunculaceae
-->Genus: Nigella
-->Species: Nigella sativa
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| Pair Name | Thymoquinone, TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand | |||
| Partner Name | TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand | |||
| Disease Info | [ICD-11: 2C60] | Breast cancer | Investigative | |
| Biological Phenomena | Induction-->ROS-mediated apoptosis | |||
| Gene Regulation | Down-regulation | Expression | BCL2 | hsa596 |
| Up-regulation | Expression | CASP8 | hsa841 | |
| Up-regulation | Expression | ROS1 | hsa6098 | |
| Up-regulation | Expression | TNFRSF10A | hsa8797 | |
| Up-regulation | Expression | TNFRSF10B | hsa8795 | |
| In Vitro Model | MDA-MB-231 | Breast adenocarcinoma | Homo sapiens (Human) | CVCL_0062 |
| MCF-7 | Invasive breast carcinoma of no special type | Homo sapiens (Human) | CVCL_0031 | |
| Result | The synergistic influence between TQ which induced the DR5 and TRAIL, facilitating the connection between TRAIL and its receptors on the cancerous cell membrane. Hence, the proposed combination therapy induced the ROS-mediated apoptotic stimulus. | |||
| Pair Name | Thymoquinone, Fluorouracil | |||
| Partner Name | Fluorouracil | |||
| Disease Info | [ICD-11: 2C60] | Breast cancer | Investigative | |
| Biological Phenomena | Induction-->Apoptosis | |||
| Gene Regulation | Up-regulation | Expression | BAX | hsa581 |
| Down-regulation | Expression | BCL2 | hsa596 | |
| Up-regulation | Expression | CASP3 | hsa836 | |
| Up-regulation | Expression | CASP8 | hsa841 | |
| Up-regulation | Expression | CASP9 | hsa842 | |
| Down-regulation | Expression | CDK2 | hsa1017 | |
| Up-regulation | Expression | TP53 | hsa7157 | |
| Down-regulation | Expression | TYMS | hsa7298 | |
| In Vitro Model | BT-549 | Invasive breast carcinoma of no special type | Homo sapiens (Human) | CVCL_1092 |
| MDA-MB-231 | Breast adenocarcinoma | Homo sapiens (Human) | CVCL_0062 | |
| Result | TQ and 5-FU probably showed synergistic effect on both of cell cycle and apoptosis of tested TNBC cell lines. Our study reveals that TQ can synergise 5-FU action, and increase its anticancer efficiency against TNBC cells, which might be good choice in drug development for TNBC treatment. | |||
| Pair Name | Thymoquinone, Methotrexate | |||
| Partner Name | Methotrexate | |||
| Disease Info | [ICD-11: 2B51] | Osteosarcoma | Investigative | |
| Biological Phenomena | Induction-->Apoptosis | |||
| Gene Regulation | Up-regulation | Expression | BAX | hsa581 |
| Down-regulation | Expression | BCL2 | hsa596 | |
| Up-regulation | Expression | CASP9 | hsa842 | |
| In Vitro Model | SaOS-2 | Osteosarcoma | Homo sapiens (Human) | CVCL_0548 |
| Result | The co-treatment of TQ and MTX is associated with the up-regulation of apoptotic factors and down-regulation of anti-apoptotic factors, conducting apoptosis aggravation and OS cell death. | |||
| Pair Name | Thymoquinone, Cisplatin | |||
| Partner Name | Cisplatin | |||
| Disease Info | [ICD-11: 2C94] | Bladder cancer | Investigative | |
| Biological Phenomena | Induction-->Apoptosis | |||
| Gene Regulation | Down-regulation | Expression | BCL2 | hsa596 |
| In Vitro Model | 5637 | Bladder carcinoma | Homo sapiens (Human) | CVCL_0126 |
| Result | TQ significantly increased the cytotoxicity of CDDP in 5637 cells and induced apoptosis by down-regulation of the Bcl-2. Therefore, TQ and CDDP might be an effective therapeutic combination for TCC bladder cancer treatment. | |||
| Pair Name | Thymoquinone, Methotrexate | |||
| Partner Name | Methotrexate | |||
| Disease Info | [ICD-11: 2B51] | Osteosarcoma | Investigative | |
| Biological Phenomena | Induction-->Apoptosis | |||
| Gene Regulation | Up-regulation | Expression | BAX | hsa581 |
| Down-regulation | Expression | BCL2 | hsa596 | |
| Up-regulation | Expression | CASP3 | hsa836 | |
| In Vitro Model | SaOS-2 | Osteosarcoma | Homo sapiens (Human) | CVCL_0548 |
| Result | The findings of the present study highlight new insights into understanding the role of TQ as a potential therapeutic agent in osteosarcoma by increasing MTX-induced apoptosis. | |||
| Pair Name | Thymoquinone, Eflornithine | |||
| Partner Name | Eflornithine | |||
| Disease Info | [ICD-11: 2B33.3] | Acute lymphoblastic leukemia | Investigative | |
| Biological Phenomena | Induction-->Apoptosis | |||
| Gene Regulation | Down-regulation | Expression | DNMT1 | hsa1786 |
| Down-regulation | Expression | HDAC1 | hsa3065 | |
| Down-regulation | Expression | UHRF1 | hsa29128 | |
| In Vitro Model | Jurkat | Childhood T acute lymphoblastic leukemia | Homo sapiens (Human) | CVCL_0065 |
| Result | These results suggest that the combination of DFMO and TQ could be a promising new strategy for the treatment of human acute T lymphoblastic leukemia by targeting the epigenetic code. | |||
| Pair Name | Thymoquinone, Cisplatin | |||
| Partner Name | Cisplatin | |||
| Disease Info | [ICD-11: 2C25] | Lung cancer | Investigative | |
| Biological Phenomena | Induction-->Apoptosis | |||
| Gene Regulation | Down-regulation | Expression | CDH13 | hsa1012 |
| Down-regulation | Expression | NFKB1 | hsa4790 | |
| In Vitro Model | NCI-H460 | Lung large cell carcinoma | Homo sapiens (Human) | CVCL_0459 |
| NCI-H146 | Lung small cell carcinoma | Homo sapiens (Human) | CVCL_1473 | |
| In Vivo Model | Xenografts were obtained by injecting NCI-H460 2×10⁶ cells subcutaneously into the right flank of each female SCID mice (age 5-6 weeks old). | |||
| Result | Thymoquinone combined with cisplatin showed synergistic anticancer activity by down-regulating NF-kappaB | |||
| Pair Name | Thymoquinone, Temozolomide | |||
| Partner Name | Temozolomide | |||
| Disease Info | [ICD-11: 2A00] | Glioblastoma multiforme | Investigative | |
| Biological Phenomena | Inhibition-->Autophagy | |||
| Gene Regulation | Down-regulation | Expression | BECN1 | hsa8678 |
| In Vitro Model | U-87MG ATCC | Glioblastoma | Homo sapiens (Human) | CVCL_0022 |
| Result | TQ enhanced the anti-cancer activity of TMZ by inhibition of autophagy at the transcriptional level and decreased the colony-forming ability and NO production of U87MG cell line. | |||
| Pair Name | Thymoquinone, Bortezomib | |||
| Partner Name | Bortezomib | |||
| Disease Info | [ICD-11: 2A85.5] | Mantle cell lymphoma | Investigative | |
| Biological Phenomena | Induction-->Apoptosis | |||
| Gene Regulation | Down-regulation | Expression | BCL2 | hsa596 |
| Up-regulation | Expression | CASP3 | hsa836 | |
| Down-regulation | Expression | CDH13 | hsa1012 | |
| Up-regulation | Expression | COL11A2 | hsa1302 | |
| Down-regulation | Expression | IL6 | hsa3569 | |
| Down-regulation | Expression | MKI67 | hsa4288 | |
| Down-regulation | Expression | RELA | hsa5970 | |
| Down-regulation | Expression | TNF | hsa7124 | |
| Down-regulation | Expression | VEGFA | hsa7422 | |
| In Vitro Model | U266B1 | Plasma cell myeloma | Homo sapiens (Human) | CVCL_0566 |
| NCI-H929 | Plasma cell myeloma | Homo sapiens (Human) | CVCL_1600 | |
| KMS-11 | Plasma cell myeloma | Homo sapiens (Human) | CVCL_2989 | |
| RPMI-8226 | Plasma cell myeloma | Homo sapiens (Human) | CVCL_0014 | |
| In Vivo Model | Five-week-old athymic nu/nu male Balb/c mice were implanted subcutaneously in the right flank with U266 cells (2×10⁶ cells/100 uL of PBS/Matrigel). | |||
| Result | Thymoquinone overcomes chemoresistance and enhances the anticancer effects of bortezomib through abrogation of NF-KappaB regulated gene products in multiple myeloma xenograft mouse model | |||
| Pair Name | Thymoquinone, Imatinib | |||
| Partner Name | Imatinib | |||
| Disease Info | [ICD-11: 2B90] | Colon cancer | Investigative | |
| Biological Phenomena | Induction-->Cell uptake or efflux | |||
| Gene Regulation | Down-regulation | Expression | ABCB1 | hsa5243 |
| Down-regulation | Expression | ABCG2 | hsa9429 | |
| Down-regulation | Expression | SLC22A1 | hsa6580 | |
| In Vitro Model | HCT 116 | Colon carcinoma | Homo sapiens (Human) | CVCL_0291 |
| Result | TQ potentiates IM efficacy on HCT116 cells via uptake/efflux genes modulation | |||
| Pair Name | Thymoquinone, Zoledronic acid | |||
| Partner Name | Zoledronic acid | |||
| Disease Info | [ICD-11: 2C82] | Prostate cancer | Investigative | |
| Biological Phenomena | Induction-->DNA fragmentation | |||
| Gene Regulation | Up-regulation | Expression | CASP3 | hsa836 |
| Up-regulation | Expression | CASP7 | hsa840 | |
| In Vitro Model | PC-3 | Prostate carcinoma | Homo sapiens (Human) | CVCL_0035 |
| DU145 | Prostate carcinoma | Homo sapiens (Human) | CVCL_0105 | |
| Result | TQ and ZA had minimal hematological and non-hematological toxicity profile compared to cytotoxic agents. So, this combination may be an alternative approach for patients who are unable to be treated by conventional treatments because of poor performance status. | |||
| Pair Name | Thymoquinone, Topotecan | |||
| Partner Name | Topotecan | |||
| Disease Info | [ICD-11: 2A60.Z] | Acute myeloid leukemia | Investigative | |
| Biological Phenomena | Induction-->Apoptosis | |||
| Gene Regulation | Up-regulation | Expression | BAX | hsa581 |
| Up-regulation | Expression | BCL2 | hsa596 | |
| Up-regulation | Expression | CASP3 | hsa836 | |
| Up-regulation | Expression | CASP9 | hsa842 | |
| Up-regulation | Expression | TP53 | hsa7157 | |
| In Vitro Model | U-937 | Adult acute monocytic leukemia | Homo sapiens (Human) | CVCL_0007 |
| Result | Thymoquinone, when combined with topotecan in noncytotoxic doses, produced synergistic antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects in AML cells | |||
| Pair Name | Thymoquinone, Fluorouracil | |||
| Partner Name | Fluorouracil | |||
| Disease Info | [ICD-11: 2A00-2F9Z] | Solid tumour or cancer | Investigative | |
| Gene Regulation | Down-regulation | Expression | CDH13 | hsa1012 |
| Down-regulation | Expression | COX2 | hsa4513 | |
| Down-regulation | Expression | CTNNB1 | hsa1499 | |
| Up-regulation | Expression | DKK1 | hsa22943 | |
| Up-regulation | Expression | GPX1 | hsa2876 | |
| Down-regulation | Expression | NFKB1 | hsa4790 | |
| Down-regulation | Expression | NOS2 | hsa4843 | |
| Up-regulation | Expression | SMAD4 | hsa4089 | |
| Up-regulation | Expression | TGFB1 | hsa7040 | |
| Up-regulation | Expression | TGFBR2 | hsa7048 | |
| Down-regulation | Expression | VEGFA | hsa7422 | |
| Down-regulation | Expression | WNT1 | hsa7471 | |
| In Vivo Model | For induction of colorectal tumorigenesis, AOM was dissolved in normal saline and injected subcutaneously at a dose of 15 mg/kg, once weekly for 2 weeks. | |||
| Result | Our findings present the first report describing the in vivo enhancement effect of combined TQ and 5-FU against early stages of CRC; however, further studies are required to determine the value of this combination therapy in an advanced long-term model of CRC and also to realize its clinical potential. | |||
| Pair Name | Thymoquinone, Cyclophosphamide | |||
| Partner Name | Cyclophosphamide | |||
| Disease Info | [ICD-11: 2C60] | Breast cancer | Investigative | |
| Biological Phenomena | Induction-->Blockade of cell cycle in Sub-G1 phase | |||
| Gene Regulation | Down-regulation | Phosphorylation | AKT1 | hsa207 |
| Down-regulation | Expression | CCND1 | hsa595 | |
| Up-regulation | Expression | PTEN | hsa5728 | |
| In Vitro Model | SK-BR-3 | Breast adenocarcinoma | Homo sapiens (Human) | CVCL_0033 |
| MDA-MB-231 | Breast adenocarcinoma | Homo sapiens (Human) | CVCL_0062 | |
| Result | The current findings suggested that TQ can alter the cell cycle progression and induce cell death independent of FASN mediated signaling. In terms of clinical perspective, the present study clearly showed that TQ can broadly augment the effect of cyclo in breast cancer cases irrespective of Her-2+ or Her-. | |||
| Pair Name | Thymoquinone, Doxorubicin | |||
| Partner Name | Doxorubicin | |||
| Disease Info | [ICD-11: 2B33.3] | Acute lymphoblastic leukemia | Investigative | |
| Biological Phenomena | Induction-->Apoptosis | |||
| Gene Regulation | Up-regulation | Expression | CDH13 | hsa1012 |
| Down-regulation | Expression | MKI67 | hsa4288 | |
| In Vitro Model | HuT 102 | Mycosis fungoides | Homo sapiens (Human) | CVCL_3526 |
| Jurkat | Childhood T acute lymphoblastic leukemia | Homo sapiens (Human) | CVCL_0065 | |
| In Vivo Model | 7.5×10⁶ HuT-102 tumor cells in 100 ul Media:Matrigel (1:1 ratio) were inoculated subcutaneously in the right flank of NOD/SCID mice (6-8 weeks, 20 g) | |||
| Result | Our combination model offers the possibility to use up to twofold lower doses of Dox against ATL while exhibiting the same cancer inhibitory effects. | |||
| Pair Name | Thymoquinone, Propranolol | |||
| Partner Name | Propranolol | |||
| Disease Info | [ICD-11: 2C23.Z] | Laryngeal cancer | Investigative | |
| Biological Phenomena | Induction-->Apoptosis | |||
| Gene Regulation | Up-regulation | Expression | BAX | hsa581 |
| Down-regulation | Expression | BCL2 | hsa596 | |
| Up-regulation | Expression | CASP3 | hsa836 | |
| Down-regulation | Expression | CCND1 | hsa595 | |
| Up-regulation | Expression | TP53 | hsa7157 | |
| Up-regulation | Expression | VEGFA | hsa7422 | |
| In Vitro Model | Hep-G2 | Hepatoblastoma | Homo sapiens (Human) | CVCL_0027 |
| Result | The effect of thymoquinone and propranolol combination on epidermoid laryngeal carcinoma cell. | |||
| Pair Name | Thymoquinone, Simvastatin | |||
| Partner Name | Simvastatin | |||
| Disease Info | [ICD-11: 2C60] | Breast cancer | Investigative | |
| Biological Phenomena | Induction-->Blockade of cell cycle in G2/M phase | |||
| In Vitro Model | MCF-7 | Invasive breast carcinoma of no special type | Homo sapiens (Human) | CVCL_0031 |
| MDA-MB-231 | Breast adenocarcinoma | Homo sapiens (Human) | CVCL_0062 | |
| Result | It was concluded that the combined effect of simvastatin and thymoquinone stimulates apoptosis in breast cancer cells. | |||
| Pair Name | Thymoquinone, Gemcitabine | |||
| Partner Name | Gemcitabine | |||
| Disease Info | [ICD-11: 2C10] | Pancreatic cancer | Investigative | |
| Biological Phenomena | Induction-->Apoptosis | |||
| Gene Regulation | Down-regulation | Expression | COL1A1 | hsa1277 |
| Down-regulation | Expression | COL3A1 | hsa1281 | |
| Down-regulation | Expression | COL5A1 | hsa1289 | |
| Down-regulation | Expression | HIF1A | hsa3091 | |
| Down-regulation | Expression | SMAD2 | hsa4087 | |
| Down-regulation | Expression | SMAD3 | hsa4088 | |
| Down-regulation | Expression | TGFB1 | hsa7040 | |
| In Vitro Model | PANC-1 | Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma | Homo sapiens (Human) | CVCL_0480 |
| In Vivo Model | PANC-1 cells cultured under normoxic conditions formed subcutaneous tumors in nude mice, with a tumorigenic cycle of 4 weeks (grouping: a total of 9 mice were divided into three groups with 3 mice per group; age: 6– weeks; weight: 200–220 g). | |||
| Result | TQ can promote apoptosis, inhibit migration, invasion, and metastasis, and enhance the sensitivity to GEM. The underlying mechanism may involve the regulation of ECM production through the TGFβ/Smad pathway, in which HIF-1α plays a key role. | |||
| Pair Name | Thymoquinone, Temozolomide | |||
| Partner Name | Temozolomide | |||
| Disease Info | [ICD-11: 2A00] | Glioblastoma multiforme | Investigative | |
| Biological Phenomena | Induction-->Apoptosis | |||
| Gene Regulation | Up-regulation | Cleavage | CASP3 | hsa836 |
| Up-regulation | Phosphorylation | MAPK14 | hsa1432 | |
| Up-regulation | Expression | MGMT | hsa4255 | |
| In Vitro Model | M059J | Glioblastoma | Homo sapiens (Human) | CVCL_0400 |
| Hs 683 | Oligodendroglioma | Homo sapiens (Human) | CVCL_0844 | |
| U-251MG | Astrocytoma | Homo sapiens (Human) | CVCL_0021 | |
| In Vivo Model | U251R cells were prepared in a matrix mixture (50% wt/wt Matrigel in DMEM) and xenografted to each mouse (1×10⁶ cells in 0.5 ml) under the back skin. | |||
| Result | Our findings demonstrate that TQ can effectively cross the BBB and function alone or in combination with TMZ to treat glioblastoma. | |||
| Pair Name | Thymoquinone, Tert-butylhydroquinone | |||
| Partner Name | Tert-butylhydroquinone | |||
| Result | Allergic contact dermatitis | |||
| No. | Title | Href |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Thymoquinone as a causative allergen in Nigella sativa oil contact dermatitis with cross-reactivity to tert-butylhydroquinone. Contact Dermatitis. 2020;83(2):132-134. doi:10.1111/cod.13542 | Click |
| 2 | Thymoquinone Crosstalks with DR5 to Sensitize TRAIL Resistance and Stimulate ROS-Mediated Cancer Apoptosis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2021 Sep 1;22(9):2855-2865. doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.9.2855. | Click |
| 3 | Synergistic Role of Thymoquinone on Anticancer Activity of 5-Fluorouracil in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2022;22(6):1111-1118. doi: 10.2174/1871520621666210624111613. | Click |
| 4 | Thymoquinone Augments Methotrexate-Induced Apoptosis on Osteosarcoma Cells. Drug Res (Stuttg). 2022 Apr;72(4):220-225. doi: 10.1055/a-1775-7908. | Click |
| 5 | Thymoquinone enhanced the antitumor activity of cisplatin in human bladder cancer 5637 cells in vitro. Mol Biol Rep. 2023 Jul;50(7):5767-5775. doi: 10.1007/s11033-023-08472-8. | Click |
| 6 | Thymoquinone Potentiates Methotrexate Mediated-Apoptosis in Saos-2 Osteosarcoma Cell Line. Drug Res (Stuttg). 2022 Sep;72(7):390-395. doi: 10.1055/a-1842-7545. | Click |
| 7 | Thymoquinone and Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) Synergistically Induce Apoptosis of Human Acute T Lymphoblastic Leukemia Jurkat Cells Through the Modulation of Epigenetic Pathways. Technol Cancer Res Treat. 2020 Jan-Dec;19:1533033820947489. doi: 10.1177/1533033820947489. | Click |
| 8 | Thymoquinone and cisplatin as a therapeutic combination in lung cancer: In vitro and in vivo. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2010 Jul 1;29(1):87. doi: 10.1186/1756-9966-29-87. | Click |
| 9 | Thymoquinone synergistically potentiates temozolomide cytotoxicity through the inhibition of autophagy in U87MG cell line. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2016 Aug;19(8):890-898. | Click |
| 10 | Thymoquinone overcomes chemoresistance and enhances the anticancer effects of bortezomib through abrogation of NF-κB regulated gene products in multiple myeloma xenograft mouse model. Oncotarget. 2014 Feb 15;5(3):634-48. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.1596. | Click |
| 11 | Thymoquinone chemosensitizes human colorectal cancer cells to imatinib via uptake/efflux genes modulation. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2021 Jun;48(6):911-920. doi: 10.1111/1440-1681.13476. | Click |
| 12 | Enhanced cytotoxicity and apoptosis by thymoquinone in combination with zoledronic acid in hormone- and drug-resistant prostate cancer cell lines. J BUON. 2014 Oct-Dec;19(4):1055-61. | Click |
| 13 | Antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects of topotecan in combination with thymoquinone on acute myelogenous leukemia. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2014 Sep;14 Suppl:S46-55. doi: 10.1016/j.clml.2014.04.014. Erratum in: Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2015 Jun;15(6):384. | Click |
| 14 | Thymoquinone subdues tumor growth and potentiates the chemopreventive effect of 5-fluorouracil on the early stages of colorectal carcinogenesis in rats. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2016 Jul 11;10:2239-53. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S109721. | Click |
| 15 | Thymoquinone Augments Cyclophosphamide-Mediated Inhibition of Cell Proliferation in Breast Cancer Cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2019 Apr 29;20(4):1153-1160. doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2019.20.4.1153. | Click |
| 16 | Thymoquinone enhances the anticancer activity of doxorubicin against adult T-cell leukemia in vitro and in vivo through ROS-dependent mechanisms. Life Sci. 2019 Sep 1;232:116628. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116628. | Click |
| 17 | The effect of thymoquinone and propranolol combination on epidermoid laryngeal carcinoma cell. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2023 Jun;280(6):2849-2858. doi: 10.1007/s00405-023-07825-0. | Click |
| 18 | Evaluation of Enhanced Cytotoxicity Effect of Repurposed Drug Simvastatin/ Thymoquinone Combination against Breast Cancer Cell Line. Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem. 2023 Oct 27. doi: 10.2174/0118715257259037231012182741. | Click |
| 19 | Thymoquinone affects the gemcitabine sensitivity of pancreatic cancer by regulating collagen via hypoxia inducible factor-1α. Front Pharmacol. 2023 May 31;14:1138265. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1138265. | Click |
| 20 | Thymoquinone induces apoptosis in temozolomide-resistant glioblastoma cells via the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Environ Toxicol. 2023 Jan;38(1):90-100. doi: 10.1002/tox.23664. | Click |
