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  1. General Info
  2. Effects Info
  3. Reference
Molecular Details
01. General Information
Name Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2
UniProt ID COX2_HUMAN
Gene Name COX2
Gene ID 4513
Synonyms
COX2, COII, MTCO2, MT-CO2
Sequence
MAHAAQVGLQDATSPIMEELITFHDHALMIIFLICFLVLYALFLTLTTKLTNTNISDAQE
METVWTILPAIILVLIALPSLRILYMTDEVNDPSLTIKSIGHQWYWTYEYTDYGGLIFNS
YMLPPLFLEPGDLRLLDVDNRVVLPIEAPIRMMITSQDVLHSWAVPTLGLKTDAIPGRLN
QTTFTATRPGVYYGQCSEICGANHSFMPIVLELIPLKIFEMGPVFTL
Pathway Map MAP LINK
T.C. Number 3.D.4.11.1
KEGG ID hsa4513
Pfam PF00116; PF02790; PF06126; PF08058; PF08285; PF11299
02. Combinatorial Therapeutic Effect(s)
Synergistic Effect
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Decreasing Drug Toxicity
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Combination Pair ID: 775
Pair Name Chlorogenic acid, Methotrexate
Phytochemical Name Chlorogenic acid
Anticancer drug Name Methotrexate
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2B33.4] Leukemia Investigative
Regulate Info Down-regulation Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 Expression
Result These results imply that CGA has perfective effect against MTX-induced liver injury. Hence CGA supplementation might be helpful in abrogation of MTX toxicity.
Combination Pair ID: 997
Pair Name Chrysin, Paclitaxel
Phytochemical Name Chrysin
Anticancer drug Name Paclitaxel
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2A00-2F9Z] Solid tumour or cancer Investigative
Regulate Info Up-regulation Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 Expression
Result CR exhibited the ability to reduce oxidative DNA damage, exert anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties, and mitigate the toxic effects of Pax-induced hepatorenal toxicity.
Enhancing Drug Efficacy
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Combination Pair ID: 71
Pair Name Baicalin, Fluorouracil
Phytochemical Baicalin
Drug Fluorouracil
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2B72] Gastric cancer Investigative
Regulate Info Up-regulation Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 Expression
Result Baicalin inhibits GC and enhances 5-Fu by promoting ROS-related ferroptosis in GC.
Combination Pair ID: 739
Pair Name Crocin, Sorafenib
Phytochemical Crocin
Drug Sorafenib
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2C12] Hepatocellular carcinoma Investigative
Regulate Info Down-regulation Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 Expression
Result CR potentiates the suppressive effects of SB on tumor growth and provides the opportunity to strengthen the therapeutic effects of SB in the treatment of HCC.
Combination Pair ID: 818
Pair Name Curcumin, Nimustine
Phytochemical Curcumin
Drug Nimustine
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2A00] Glioblastoma multiforme Investigative
Regulate Info Down-regulation Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 Expression
Result Curcumin potentiates the potent antitumor activity of ACNU against glioblastoma by suppressing the PI3K/AKT and NF-kappaB/COX-2 signaling pathways
Combination Pair ID: 47
Pair Name Dihydroberberine, Sunitinib
Phytochemical Dihydroberberine
Drug Sunitinib
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2C25] Lung cancer Investigative
Regulate Info Down-regulation Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 Expression
Result DCS induced the expression of cell cycle signal molecules that are known to be affected by JNK and p38. The change of cell cycle, in turn, led to down-regulation of JNK and p38, and further reduced IL-1 secretion. Collectively, these findings highlight potential molecular mechanisms of DCS chemotherapeutic activity and suggest that DCS is an efficacious strategy in NSCLC therapy.
Combination Pair ID: 784
Pair Name Eugenol, Gemcitabine
Phytochemical Eugenol
Drug Gemcitabine
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2C77] Cervical cancer Investigative
Regulate Info Down-regulation Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 Expression
Result The results suggest that eugenol exerts its anticancer activities via apoptosis induction and anti-inflammatory properties and also provide the first evidence demonstrating synergism between eugenol and gemcitabine, which may enhance The therapeutic index of prevention and/or treatment of cervical cancer.
Combination Pair ID: 926
Pair Name Gamma-Tocotrienol, Capecitabine
Phytochemical Gamma-Tocotrienol
Drug Capecitabine
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2B72] Gastric cancer Investigative
Regulate Info Down-regulation Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 Expression
Result Our results show that γ-tocotrienol can potentiate the effects of capecitabine through suppression of NF-κB-regulated markers of proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis.
Combination Pair ID: 928
Pair Name Gamma-Tocotrienol, Gemcitabine
Phytochemical Gamma-Tocotrienol
Drug Gemcitabine
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2C10] Pancreatic cancer Investigative
Regulate Info Down-regulation Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 Expression
Result Our findings suggest that γ-T3 can inhibit the growth of human pancreatic tumors and sensitize them to gemcitabine by suppressing NF-κB-mediated inflammatory pathways linked to tumorigenesis.
Combination Pair ID: 8
Pair Name Harmine, Paclitaxel
Phytochemical Harmine
Drug Paclitaxel
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2B72] Gastric cancer Investigative
Regulate Info Down-regulation Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 Expression
Result Harmine combined with paclitaxel inhibits tumor proliferation and induces apoptosis through down-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 expression in gastric cancer
Combination Pair ID: 952
Pair Name Oroxylin A, Fluorouracil
Phytochemical Oroxylin A
Drug Fluorouracil
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2C12] Hepatocellular carcinoma Investigative
Regulate Info Down-regulation Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 Expression
Result The anti-hepatocellular carcinoma effects in vitro and in vivo of 5-FU and oroxylin A combinations were synergistic and oroxylin A increased the sensitivity of HepG2 cells to 5-FU by modulating the metabolic enzymes of 5-FU and apoptotic-related proteins
Combination Pair ID: 18
Pair Name Oxymatrine, Paclitaxel
Phytochemical Oxymatrine
Drug Paclitaxel
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2C25] Lung cancer Investigative
Regulate Info Down-regulation Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 Expression
Result Oxymatrine Attenuates Tumor Growth and Deactivates STAT5 Signaling in a Lung Cancer Xenograft Model
Combination Pair ID: 736
Pair Name Plumbagin, Celecoxib
Phytochemical Plumbagin
Drug Celecoxib
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2C30] Melanoma Investigative
Regulate Info Down-regulation Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 Expression
Result Combination of Celecoxib and Plumbagin decreased melanoma cell proliferation and retarded vascular development of tumors mediated by inhibition of COX-2 and STAT3 leading to decreased levels of key cyclins key on which melanoma cell were dependent for survival.
Combination Pair ID: 808
Pair Name Resveratrol, Celecoxib
Phytochemical Resveratrol
Drug Celecoxib
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2C60] Breast cancer Investigative
Regulate Info Down-regulation Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 Expression
Result This study showed that in NMU-induced mammary cancer in rats, the combination of resveratrol and celecoxib led to a significant reduction in all tumor parameters. In addition, in terms of tumor volume, the combination was more efficient than celecoxib as a single agent.
Combination Pair ID: 414
Pair Name Salvianolic acid B, Celecoxib
Phytochemical Salvianolic acid B
Drug Celecoxib
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2C31.Z] Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma Investigative
Regulate Info Down-regulation Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 Expression
Result These results strongly suggest that combination of Sal-B, a multifunctional anticancer agent, with low-dose celecoxib holds potential as a new preventive strategy in targeting inflammatory-associated tumor development.
Combination Pair ID: 725
Pair Name Shikonin, Gemcitabine
Phytochemical Shikonin
Drug Gemcitabine
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2C10] Pancreatic cancer Investigative
Regulate Info Down-regulation Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 Expression
Result Our results suggest that shikonin can suppress the growth of human pancreatic tumors and potentiate the antitumor effects of gemcitabine through the suppression of NF-κB and NF-κB-regulated gene products.
Combination Pair ID: 870
Pair Name Shogaol, Gemcitabine
Phytochemical Shogaol
Drug Gemcitabine
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2C10.0] Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Investigative
Regulate Info Down-regulation Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 Expression
Result Our results suggest that 6-shogaol can inhibit the growth of human pancreatic tumors and sensitize them to gemcitabine by suppressing of TLR4/NF-κB-mediated inflammatory pathways linked to tumorigenesis.
Combination Pair ID: 136
Pair Name Tectorigenin, Paclitaxel
Phytochemical Tectorigenin
Drug Paclitaxel
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2C73] Ovarian cancer Investigative
Regulate Info Down-regulation Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 Expression
Result These data suggest that tectorigenin could sensitize paclitaxel-resistant human ovarian cancer cells through inactivation of the Akt/IKK/IκB/NFκB signaling pathway, and promise a new intervention to chemosensitize paclitaxel-induced cytotoxicity in ovarian cancer.
Combination Pair ID: 750
Pair Name Thymoquinone, Fluorouracil
Phytochemical Thymoquinone
Drug Fluorouracil
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2A00-2F9Z] Solid tumour or cancer Investigative
Regulate Info Down-regulation Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 Expression
Result Our findings present the first report describing the in vivo enhancement effect of combined TQ and 5-FU against early stages of CRC; however, further studies are required to determine the value of this combination therapy in an advanced long-term model of CRC and also to realize its clinical potential.
Combination Pair ID: 919
Pair Name Zerumbone, Nimesulide
Phytochemical Zerumbone
Drug Nimesulide
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2B90] Colon cancer Investigative
Regulate Info Down-regulation Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 Expression
Result Our results suggest that ZER is a novel food factor for mitigating experimental UC and that use of a combination of agents, with different modes of actions, may be an effective anti-inflammatory strategy.
03. Reference
No. Title Href
1 Protective effect of Chlorogenic acid against methotrexate induced oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in rat liver: An experimental approach. Chem Biol Interact. 2017 Jun 25;272:80-91. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.05.002. Click
2 Chrysin attenuates paclitaxel-induced hepatorenal toxicity in rats by suppressing oxidative damage, inflammation, and apoptosis. Life Sci. 2023 Nov 1;332:122096. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122096. Click
3 Baicalin enhances the efficacy of 5-Fluorouracil in gastric cancer by promoting ROS-mediated ferroptosis. Biomed Pharmacother. 2023 Aug;164:114986. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114986. Click
4 Combining Crocin and Sorafenib Improves Their Tumor-Inhibiting Effects in a Rat Model of Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Cirrhotic-Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel). 2023 Aug 11;15(16):4063. doi: 10.3390/cancers15164063. Click
5 Curcumin Potentiates the Potent Antitumor Activity of ACNU Against Glioblastoma by Suppressing the PI3K/AKT and NF-κB/COX-2 Signaling Pathways [Retraction]. Onco Targets Ther. 2022 Dec 2;15:1479-1480. doi: 10.2147/OTT.S399704. Click
6 Dihydroberberine exhibits synergistic effects with sunitinib on NSCLC NCI-H460 cells by repressing MAP kinase pathways and inflammatory mediators. J Cell Mol Med. 2017 Oct;21(10):2573-2585. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.13178. Click
7 Eugenol enhances the chemotherapeutic potential of gemcitabine and induces anticarcinogenic and anti-inflammatory activity in human cervical cancer cells. Cancer Biother Radiopharm. 2011 Oct;26(5):519-27. doi: 10.1089/cbr.2010.0925. Click
8 First evidence that γ-tocotrienol inhibits the growth of human gastric cancer and chemosensitizes it to capecitabine in a xenograft mouse model through the modulation of NF-κB pathway. Clin Cancer Res. 2012 Apr 15;18(8):2220-9. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-11-2470. Click
9 {Gamma}-tocotrienol inhibits pancreatic tumors and sensitizes them to gemcitabine treatment by modulating the inflammatory microenvironment. Cancer Res. 2010 Nov 1;70(21):8695-705. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-2318. Epub 2010 Sep 23. Click
10 Harmine combined with paclitaxel inhibits tumor proliferation and induces apoptosis through down-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 expression in gastric cancer. Oncol Lett. 2016 Aug;12(2):983-988. doi: 10.3892/ol.2016.4696. Click
11 Synergistic effect of 5-fluorouracil and the flavanoid oroxylin A on HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma and on H22 transplanted mice. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2010 Feb;65(3):481-9. doi: 10.1007/s00280-009-1053-2. Click
12 Oxymatrine Attenuates Tumor Growth and Deactivates STAT5 Signaling in a Lung Cancer Xenograft Model. Cancers (Basel). 2019 Jan 7;11(1):49. doi: 10.3390/cancers11010049. Click
13 Synergistic inhibitory effects of Celecoxib and Plumbagin on melanoma tumor growth. Cancer Lett. 2017 Jan 28;385:243-250. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.10.016. Click
14 Resveratrol enhances the chemopreventive effect of celecoxib in chemically induced breast cancer in rats. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2014 Nov;23(6):506-13. doi: 10.1097/CEJ.0000000000000083. Click
15 Combination effects of salvianolic acid B with low-dose celecoxib on inhibition of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma growth in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2010 Jun;3(6):787-96. doi: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-09-0243. Click
16 Shikonin suppresses tumor growth and synergizes with gemcitabine in a pancreatic cancer xenograft model: Involvement of NF-κB signaling pathway. Biochem Pharmacol. 2014 Apr 1;88(3):322-33. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.01.041. Click
17 Antitumor activity of gemcitabine can be potentiated in pancreatic cancer through modulation of TLR4/NF-κB signaling by 6-shogaol. AAPS J. 2014 Mar;16(2):246-57. doi: 10.1208/s12248-013-9558-3. Click
18 Tectorigenin sensitizes paclitaxel-resistant human ovarian cancer cells through downregulation of the Akt and NFκB pathway. Carcinogenesis. 2012 Dec;33(12):2488-98. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgs302. Click
19 Thymoquinone subdues tumor growth and potentiates the chemopreventive effect of 5-fluorouracil on the early stages of colorectal carcinogenesis in rats. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2016 Jul 11;10:2239-53. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S109721. Click
20 Suppression of dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in mice by zerumbone, a subtropical ginger sesquiterpene, and nimesulide: separately and in combination. Biochem Pharmacol. 2003 Oct 1;66(7):1253-61. doi: 10.1016/s0006-2952(03)00446-5. Click
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