8 Methyl N Vanillyl 6 Nonenamide, 8-Methyl-N-Vanillyl-6-Nonenamide, Antiphlogistine Rub A-535 Capsaicin, Axsain, Capsaicin, Capsaicine, Capsicum Farmaya, Capsidol, Capsin, Capzasin, Gelcen, Katrum, NGX 4010, NGX-4010, NGX4010, Zacin, Zostrix
| Name | Capsaicin | ||
| PubChem CID | 1548943 | ||
| Molecular Weight | 305.4g/mol | ||
| Synonyms |
8 Methyl N Vanillyl 6 Nonenamide, 8-Methyl-N-Vanillyl-6-Nonenamide, Antiphlogistine Rub A-535 Capsaicin, Axsain, Capsaicin, Capsaicine, Capsicum Farmaya, Capsidol, Capsin, Capzasin, Gelcen, Katrum, NGX 4010, NGX-4010, NGX4010, Zacin, Zostrix |
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| Formula | C₁₈H₂₇NO₃ | ||
| SMILES | CC(C)C=CCCCCC(=O)NCC1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)OC | ||
| InChI | 1S/C18H27NO3/c1-14(2)8-6-4-5-7-9-18(21)19-13-15-10-11-16(20)17(12-15)22-3/h6,8,10-12,14,20H,4-5,7,9,13H2,1-3H3,(H,19,21)/b8-6+ | ||
| InChIKey | YKPUWZUDDOIDPM-SOFGYWHQSA-N | ||
| CAS Number | 404-86-4 | ||
| ChEMBL ID | CHEMBL294199 | ||
| ChEBI ID | CHEBI:3374 | ||
| Herb ID | HBIN019690 | ||
| Drug Bank ID | DB06774 | ||
| KEGG ID | C06866 | ||
| Toxicity | Organism | Test Type | Route(Dose) |
| rat | LD50 | intraperitoneal(165 mg/kg) | |
| mouse | LD50 | intraperitoneal(254 mg/kg) | |
| rat | LD50 | oral(322 mg/kg) | |
| Structure | 
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2D
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3D
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| Chineses Pinyin | FuLing | ||
| Use Part | Sclerotium | ||
| Habitat | YunNan, HeBei, ShanDong, SiChuan | ||
| Flavor | Sweet, Bland | ||
| Meridian Tropism | Heart, Lung, Spleen, Kidney | ||
| Chineses Pinyin | FuLingPi | ||
| Use Part | Sclerotium Dried Skin | ||
| Habitat | AnHui, YunNan, HuBei | ||
| Flavor | Sweet, Bland | ||
| Meridian Tropism | Lung, Spleen, Kidney | ||
| Chineses Pinyin | DangShen | ||
| Use Part | Root | ||
| Habitat | HuBei, HuNan, SiChuan, GuiZhou | ||
| Flavor | Sweet | ||
| Meridian Tropism | Spleen, Lung | ||
| Species |
>Kingdom: Viridiplantae
-->Phylum: Streptophyta
-->Class: Equisetopsida
-->Order: Asterales
-->Family: Campanulaceae
-->Genus: Codonopsis
-->Species: Codonopsis pilosula
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| Chineses Pinyin | LaJiao | ||
| Use Part | Fruit | ||
| Habitat | China | ||
| Flavor | Pungent | ||
| Meridian Tropism | Heart, Spleen | ||
| Species |
>Kingdom: Viridiplantae
-->Phylum: Streptophyta
-->Class: Equisetopsida
-->Order: Solanales
-->Family: Solanaceae
-->Genus: Capsicum
-->Species: Capsicum annuum
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| Chineses Pinyin | ChaiHu | ||
| Use Part | Root | ||
| Habitat | HuBei, SiChuan, AnHui | ||
| Flavor | Pungent, Bitter | ||
| Meridian Tropism | Liver, Gallbladder, Lung | ||
| Species |
>Kingdom: Viridiplantae
-->Phylum: Streptophyta
-->Class: Equisetopsida
-->Order: Apiales
-->Family: Apiaceae
-->Genus: Bupleurum
-->Species: Bupleurum scorzonerifolium
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| Chineses Pinyin | XiYangShen | ||
| Use Part | Root | ||
| Habitat | HeiLongJiang, JiLin, LiaoNing, BeiJing, TianJin, HeBei, ShanXi, NeiMengGu | ||
| Flavor | Sweet, Mildly bitter | ||
| Meridian Tropism | Heart, Lung, Kidney | ||
| Chineses Pinyin | BaiGuoYe | ||
| Use Part | Leaf | ||
| Habitat | China | ||
| Flavor | Bitter, Sweet, Astringent | ||
| Meridian Tropism | Heart, Lung, Spleen | ||
| Chineses Pinyin | GanDiHuang | ||
| Use Part | Dried Root | ||
| Habitat | HeNan, ZheJiang, JiangSu, AnHui, ShanDong, HeBei, LiaoNing, ShanXi, Shaanxi, NeiMengGu, HuNan, HuBei, SiChuan | ||
| Flavor | Sweet, Bitter | ||
| Meridian Tropism | Heart, Liver, Kidney | ||
| Species |
>Kingdom: Viridiplantae
-->Phylum: Streptophyta
-->Class: Equisetopsida
-->Order: Lamiales
-->Family: Orobanchaceae
-->Genus: Rehmannia
-->Species: Rehmannia glutinosa
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| Chineses Pinyin | GaoLiangJiang | ||
| Use Part | Rhizome | ||
| Habitat | HaiNan, GuangXi, YunNan, TaiWan, GuangDong | ||
| Flavor | Pungent | ||
| Meridian Tropism | Spleen, Stomach | ||
| Species |
>Kingdom: Viridiplantae
-->Phylum: Streptophyta
-->Class: Equisetopsida
-->Order: Zingiberales
-->Family: Zingiberaceae
-->Genus: Alpinia
-->Species: Alpinia officinarum
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| Chineses Pinyin | HongHaiJiao | ||
| Use Part | Fruit | ||
| Habitat | China | ||
| Flavor | Pungent | ||
| Meridian Tropism | Heart, Spleen | ||
| Species |
>Kingdom: Viridiplantae
-->Phylum: Streptophyta
-->Class: Equisetopsida
-->Order: Solanales
-->Family: Solanaceae
-->Genus: Capsicum
-->Species: Capsicum frutescens
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| Chineses Pinyin | ZhongYaShaJi | ||
| Use Part | Fruit | ||
| Habitat | XinJiang | ||
| Species |
>Kingdom: Viridiplantae
-->Phylum: Streptophyta
-->Class: Equisetopsida
-->Order: Rosales
-->Family: Elaeagnaceae
-->Genus: Hippophae
-->Species: Hippophae rhamnoides
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| Pair Name | Capsaicin, Docetaxel | |||
| Partner Name | Docetaxel | |||
| Disease Info | [ICD-11: 2C82] | Prostate cancer | Investigative | |
| Gene Regulation | Up-regulation | Phosphorylation | ACACA | hsa31 |
| Down-regulation | Phosphorylation | AKT1 | hsa207 | |
| Down-regulation | Phosphorylation | MTOR | hsa2475 | |
| Up-regulation | Phosphorylation | PRKAA1 | hsa5562 | |
| Down-regulation | Phosphorylation | RPS6 | hsa6194 | |
| Up-regulation | Phosphorylation | STK11 | hsa6794 | |
| In Vitro Model | PC-3 | Prostate carcinoma | Homo sapiens (Human) | CVCL_0035 |
| LNCaP | Prostate carcinoma | Homo sapiens (Human) | CVCL_0395 | |
| In Vivo Model | Prostate tumors were induced in athymic mice by subcutaneal injection of 5×10⁶ PC-3 cells or 5×10⁶ LNCaP cells, according to the experiment. | |||
| Result | We showed that the synergistic anti-proliferative effect may be attributed to two independent effects: Inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway by one side, and AMPK activation by the other. In vivo experiments confirmed the synergistic effects of docetaxel and capsaicin in reducing the tumor growth of PC3 cells. | |||
| Pair Name | Capsaicin, Arsenic trioxide | |||
| Partner Name | Arsenic trioxide | |||
| Disease Info | [ICD-11: 2A60.Z] | Acute myeloid leukemia | Investigative | |
| Biological Phenomena | Induction-->Apoptosis | |||
| Gene Regulation | Down-regulation | Expression | BCL2 | hsa596 |
| Down-regulation | Expression | BIRC5 | hsa332 | |
| Up-regulation | Expression | CASP3 | hsa836 | |
| Up-regulation | Expression | DIABLO | hsa56616 | |
| Down-regulation | Expression | XIAP | hsa331 | |
| In Vitro Model | HL-60 | Adult acute myeloid leukemia | Homo sapiens (Human) | CVCL_0002 |
| KG-1a | Adult acute myeloid leukemia | Homo sapiens (Human) | CVCL_1824 | |
| Result | Combination index (CI) values were < 1 in all matched combination groups. Additional evaluation of As2O3 combined with ACM as a potential therapeutic benefit for AML seems warranted. | |||
| Pair Name | Capsaicin, 3,3'-diindolylmethane | |||
| Partner Name | 3,3'-diindolylmethane | |||
| Disease Info | [ICD-11: 2B90] | Colon cancer | Investigative | |
| Biological Phenomena | Induction-->Apoptosis | |||
| Gene Regulation | Up-regulation | Expression | BAK1 | hsa578 |
| Up-regulation | Expression | BAX | hsa581 | |
| Up-regulation | Expression | BBC3 | hsa27113 | |
| Up-regulation | Expression | BID | hsa637 | |
| Up-regulation | Expression | CDH13 | hsa1012 | |
| Down-regulation | Expression | CDK4 | hsa1019 | |
| Down-regulation | Expression | CDK6 | hsa1021 | |
| Up-regulation | Expression | CDKN1A | hsa1026 | |
| Up-regulation | Expression | FAS | hsa355 | |
| Up-regulation | Expression | IFI27 | hsa3429 | |
| Up-regulation | Expression | TP53 | hsa7157 | |
| In Vitro Model | HCT 116 | Colon carcinoma | Homo sapiens (Human) | CVCL_0291 |
| LoVo | Colon adenocarcinoma | Homo sapiens (Human) | CVCL_0399 | |
| HT-29 | Colon adenocarcinoma | Homo sapiens (Human) | CVCL_0320 | |
| Caco-2 | Colon adenocarcinoma | Homo sapiens (Human) | CVCL_0025 | |
| SW480 | Colon adenocarcinoma | Homo sapiens (Human) | CVCL_0546 | |
| Result | The present study suggests capsaicin and DIM work synergistically to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in colorectal cancer through modulating transcriptional activity of NF-κB, p53, and target genes associated with apoptosis. | |||
| Pair Name | Capsaicin, Erlotinib | |||
| Partner Name | Erlotinib | |||
| Disease Info | [ICD-11: 2C25] | Lung cancer | Investigative | |
| Gene Regulation | Down-regulation | Phosphorylation | AKT1 | hsa207 |
| Down-regulation | Expression | ERCC1 | hsa2067 | |
| In Vitro Model | A-549 | Lung adenocarcinoma | Homo sapiens (Human) | CVCL_0023 |
| NCI-H1975 | Lung adenocarcinoma | Homo sapiens (Human) | CVCL_1511 | |
| Result | These results may provide a rationale to combine capsaicin with erlotinib for lung cancer treatment. | |||
| Pair Name | Capsaicin, TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand | |||
| Partner Name | TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand | |||
| Disease Info | [ICD-11: 2A00] | Glioblastoma multiforme | Investigative | |
| Biological Phenomena | Induction-->Apoptosis | |||
| Gene Regulation | Down-regulation | Expression | BIRC5 | hsa332 |
| Down-regulation | Expression | CCNB1 | hsa891 | |
| Down-regulation | Expression | POLD1 | hsa5424 | |
| Up-regulation | Expression | TNFRSF10B | hsa8795 | |
| In Vitro Model | U-87MG ATCC | Glioblastoma | Homo sapiens (Human) | CVCL_0022 |
| U-343MG | Glioblastoma | Homo sapiens (Human) | CVCL_S471 | |
| T98G | Glioblastoma | Homo sapiens (Human) | CVCL_0556 | |
| SNU-444 | Glioblastoma | Homo sapiens (Human) | CVCL_5060 | |
| U-251MG | Astrocytoma | Homo sapiens (Human) | CVCL_0021 | |
| Result | A combined regimen using capsaicin and TRAIL may provide a safe and effective strategy for treating malignant gliomas. | |||
| Pair Name | Capsaicin, Sorafenib | |||
| Partner Name | Sorafenib | |||
| Disease Info | [ICD-11: 2C12] | Hepatocellular carcinoma | Investigative | |
| Biological Phenomena | Induction-->Autophagy | |||
| Gene Regulation | Up-regulation | Expression | BAX | hsa581 |
| Down-regulation | Expression | BCL2 | hsa596 | |
| Up-regulation | Expression | CASP3 | hsa836 | |
| Down-regulation | Expression | EGFR | hsa1956 | |
| Up-regulation | Expression | PARP1 | hsa142 | |
| In Vitro Model | LM3 | Malignant neoplasms of the mouse mammary gland | Mus musculus (Mouse) | CVCL_D269 |
| Hep 3B2.1-7 | Childhood hepatocellular carcinoma | Homo sapiens (Human) | CVCL_0326 | |
| Huh-7 | Adult hepatocellular carcinoma | Homo sapiens (Human) | CVCL_0336 | |
| In Vivo Model | Five-week-old BALB/C nude mice received a subcutaneous injection of 1×10⁷ LM3 cells suspended in 100 uL sterile PBS into the right flank. | |||
| Result | These data confirm that capsaicin and sorafenib combination treatment inhibits the growth, invasion and metastasis of HCC cells and induces autophagy in a synergistic manner, supporting its potential as a therapeutic option for HCC. | |||
| Pair Name | Capsaicin, Fluorouracil | |||
| Partner Name | Fluorouracil | |||
| Disease Info | [ICD-11: 2C17] | Hepatocellular carcinoma | Investigative | |
| Biological Phenomena | Induction-->Autophagy | |||
| Gene Regulation | Up-regulation | Phosphorylation | AKT1 | hsa207 |
| Down-regulation | Expression | ATG3 | hsa64422 | |
| Down-regulation | Expression | BECN1 | hsa8678 | |
| Up-regulation | Expression | MAP1LC3A | hsa84557 | |
| Up-regulation | Phosphorylation | RPS6KB1 | hsa6198 | |
| In Vitro Model | QBC939 | Cholangiocarcinoma | Homo sapiens (Human) | CVCL_6942 |
| Mz-ChA-1 | Gallbladder carcinoma | Homo sapiens (Human) | CVCL_6932 | |
| SK-ChA-1 | Cholangiocarcinoma | Homo sapiens (Human) | CVCL_6952 | |
| Result | These results demonstrate that capsaicin may be a useful adjunct therapy to improve chemosensitivity in CCA. This effect likely occurs via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway activation, suggesting a promising strategy for the development of combination drugs for CCA. | |||
| Pair Name | Capsaicin, Cisplatin | |||
| Partner Name | Cisplatin | |||
| Disease Info | [ICD-11: 2B72] | Gastric cancer | Investigative | |
| Biological Phenomena | Induction-->Blockade of cell cycle in G1/S phase | |||
| Gene Regulation | Down-regulation | Expression | AURKB | hsa9212 |
| Down-regulation | Phosphorylation | NFKBIA | hsa4792 | |
| In Vitro Model | SNU-1 | Gastric adenocarcinoma | Homo sapiens (Human) | CVCL_0099 |
| SNU-5 | Gastric adenocarcinoma | Homo sapiens (Human) | CVCL_0078 | |
| SNU-16 | Gastric adenocarcinoma | Homo sapiens (Human) | CVCL_0076 | |
| SNU-601 | Gastric signet ring cell adenocarcinoma | Homo sapiens (Human) | CVCL_0101 | |
| SNU-638 | Gastric adenocarcinoma | Homo sapiens (Human) | CVCL_0102 | |
| SNU-668 | Gastric signet ring cell adenocarcinoma | Homo sapiens (Human) | CVCL_5081 | |
| Result | Capsaicin induces apoptosis of cisplatin-resistant stomach cancer cells by causing degradation of cisplatin-inducible Aurora-A protein | |||
| No. | Title | Href |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Combination of the natural product capsaicin and docetaxel synergistically kills human prostate cancer cells through the metabolic regulator AMP-activated kinase. Cancer Cell Int. 2019;19:54. Published 2019 Mar 8. doi:10.1186/s12935-019-0769-2. | Click |
| 2 | Low-dose arsenic trioxide combined with aclacinomycin A synergistically enhances the cytotoxic effect on human acute myelogenous leukemia cell lines by induction of apoptosis. Leuk Lymphoma. 2015;56(11):3159-67. doi: 10.3109/10428194.2015.1011155. | Click |
| 3 | Synergistic anticancer activity of capsaicin and 3,3'-diindolylmethane in human colorectal cancer. J Agric Food Chem. 2015 May 6;63(17):4297-304. doi: 10.1021/jf506098s. | Click |
| 4 | Capsaicin enhances erlotinib-induced cytotoxicity via AKT inactivation and excision repair cross-complementary 1 (ERCC1) down-regulation in human lung cancer cells. Toxicol Res (Camb). 2019 Mar 12;8(3):459-470. doi: 10.1039/c8tx00346g. | Click |
| 5 | Capsaicin sensitizes malignant glioma cells to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis via DR5 upregulation and survivin downregulation. Carcinogenesis. 2010 Mar;31(3):367-75. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgp298. | Click |
| 6 | Capsaicin and sorafenib combination treatment exerts synergistic anti‑hepatocellular carcinoma activity by suppressing EGFR and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling. Oncol Rep. 2018 Dec;40(6):3235-3248. doi: 10.3892/or.2018.6754. | Click |
| 7 | Capsaicin Enhances the Drug Sensitivity of Cholangiocarcinoma through the Inhibition of Chemotherapeutic-Induced Autophagy. PLoS One. 2015 May 1;10(5):e0121538. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121538. | Click |
| 8 | Capsaicin induces apoptosis of cisplatin-resistant stomach cancer cells by causing degradation of cisplatin-inducible Aurora-A protein. Nutr Cancer. 2011;63(7):1095-1103. doi:10.1080/01635581.2011.607548. | Click |
