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  1. General Info
  2. Source Info
  3. Effects Info
  4. Reference
Phytochemical Details
01. General Information
Name Homoharringtonine
PubChem CID 285033
Molecular Weight 545.6g/mol
Synonyms

Ceflatonin, cephalotaxine, homoharringtonine, Homoharringtonine (3(R))-isomer, Omacetaxine, omacetaxine mepesuccinate, Synribo
Formula C₂₉H₃₉NO₉
SMILES CC(C)(CCCC(CC(=O)OC)(C(=O)OC1C2C3=CC4=C(C=C3CCN5C2(CCC5)C=C1OC)OCO4)O)O
InChI 1S/C29H39NO9/c1-27(2,33)8-5-10-29(34,16-23(31)36-4)26(32)39-25-22(35-3)15-28-9-6-11-30(28)12-7-18-13-20-21(38-17-37-20)14-19(18)24(25)28/h13-15,24-25,33-34H,5-12,16-17H2,1-4H3/t24-,25-,28+,29-/m1/s1
InChIKey HYFHYPWGAURHIV-JFIAXGOJSA-N
CAS Number 26833-87-4
ChEMBL ID CHEMBL46286
ChEBI ID CHEBI:71019
Herb ID HBIN029497
Drug Bank ID DB04865
KEGG ID D08956
Toxicity Organism Test Type Route(Dose)
rat LD50 intraperitoneal(165 mg/kg)
mouse LD50 intraperitoneal(254 mg/kg)
rat LD50 oral(322 mg/kg)
Structure 2D-img
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2D MOL 3D MOL
02. Source Information of Phytochemical
(1) Pinellia ternata Warm
Chineses Pinyin BanXia
Use Part Tuberoid
Habitat China
Flavor Pungent
Meridian Tropism Spleen, Stomach, Lung
Species
>Kingdom: Viridiplantae
　-->Phylum: Streptophyta
　　-->Class: Equisetopsida
　　　-->Order: Alismatales
　　　　-->Family: Araceae
　　　　　-->Genus: Pinellia
　　　　　　-->Species: Pinellia ternata
(2) Pinellia ternata Warm
Chineses Pinyin FaBanXia
Use Part Prepared With Quicklime And Licorice Juice
Habitat China
Flavor Pungent
Meridian Tropism Spleen, Stomach, Lung
Species
>Kingdom: Viridiplantae
　-->Phylum: Streptophyta
　　-->Class: Equisetopsida
　　　-->Order: Alismatales
　　　　-->Family: Araceae
　　　　　-->Genus: Pinellia
　　　　　　-->Species: Pinellia ternata
(3) Pinellia ternata Warm
Chineses Pinyin JiangBanXia
Habitat China
Flavor Pungent
Meridian Tropism Spleen, Stomach, Lung
Species
>Kingdom: Viridiplantae
　-->Phylum: Streptophyta
　　-->Class: Equisetopsida
　　　-->Order: Alismatales
　　　　-->Family: Araceae
　　　　　-->Genus: Pinellia
　　　　　　-->Species: Pinellia ternata
(4) Pinellia ternata Warm
Chineses Pinyin QingBanXia
Use Part Prepared Products Soaked In Alum Solution
Habitat China
Flavor Pungent
Meridian Tropism Spleen, Stomach, Lung
Species
>Kingdom: Viridiplantae
　-->Phylum: Streptophyta
　　-->Class: Equisetopsida
　　　-->Order: Alismatales
　　　　-->Family: Araceae
　　　　　-->Genus: Pinellia
　　　　　　-->Species: Pinellia ternata
(5) Pinellia ternata Warm
Chineses Pinyin ShengBanXia
Use Part Tuberoid
Habitat SiChuan, HuBei, HeNan, AnHui, GuiZhou
Flavor Pungent
Meridian Tropism Spleen, Stomach, Lung
Species
>Kingdom: Viridiplantae
　-->Phylum: Streptophyta
　　-->Class: Equisetopsida
　　　-->Order: Alismatales
　　　　-->Family: Araceae
　　　　　-->Genus: Pinellia
　　　　　　-->Species: Pinellia ternata
(6) Cephalotaxus hainanensis Warm
Chineses Pinyin HaiNaCuFei
Use Part Branchlet and Bark
Habitat GuangDong, HaiNan, GuangXi, YunNan, XiZang
Flavor Bitter, Astringent
Species
>Kingdom: Viridiplantae
　-->Phylum: Streptophyta
　　-->Class: Equisetopsida
　　　-->Order: Pinales
　　　　-->Family: Cephalotaxaceae
　　　　　-->Genus: Cephalotaxus
　　　　　　-->Species: Cephalotaxus hainanensis
(7) Torreya nucifera Unknown
Chineses Pinyin RiBenCuFei
Species
>Kingdom: Viridiplantae
　-->Phylum: Streptophyta
　　-->Class: Equisetopsida
　　　-->Order: Pinales
　　　　-->Family: Taxaceae
　　　　　-->Genus: Torreya
　　　　　　-->Species: Torreya nucifera
(8) Cephalotaxus fortunei Cold
Chineses Pinyin SanJianShan
Use Part Branchlet-Leaf
Habitat HeNan, HuNan, HuBei, GuangDong, GuangXi, HaiNan, Shaanxi, GanSu, AnHui, ZheJiang, SiChuan, GuiZhou, YunNan
Flavor Bitter, Astringent
Species
>Kingdom: Viridiplantae
　-->Phylum: Streptophyta
　　-->Class: Equisetopsida
　　　-->Order: Pinales
　　　　-->Family: Cephalotaxaceae
　　　　　-->Genus: Cephalotaxus
　　　　　　-->Species: Cephalotaxus fortunei
(9) Cephalotaxus sinensis Cold
Chineses Pinyin ZhongGuoCuFeiZhiYe
Use Part Branchlet-Leaf
Habitat HuNan, JiangXi, ZheJiang, FuJian, GuangDong, GuiZhou, YunNan, HaiNan, XiZang, TaiWan, GuangXi, GanSu, Shaanxi, HeNan, SiChuan
Flavor Bitter, Astringent
Species
>Kingdom: Viridiplantae
　-->Phylum: Streptophyta
　　-->Class: Equisetopsida
　　　-->Order: Pinales
　　　　-->Family: Cephalotaxaceae
　　　　　-->Genus: Cephalotaxus
　　　　　　-->Species: Cephalotaxus sinensis
(10) Cephalotaxus fortunei Cold
Chineses Pinyin SanJianShan
Use Part Branchlet-leaf
Habitat HeNan, HuNan, HuBei, GuangDong, GuangXi, HaiNan, Shaanxi, GanSu, AnHui, ZheJiang, SiChuan, GuiZhou, YunNan
Flavor Bitter; Astringent
Species
>Kingdom: Viridiplantae
　-->Phylum: Streptophyta
　　-->Class: Equisetopsida
　　　-->Order: Pinales
　　　　-->Family: Cephalotaxaceae
　　　　　-->Genus: Cephalotaxus
　　　　　　-->Species: Cephalotaxus fortunei
03. Combinatorial Therapeutic Effect(s)
Synergistic Effect
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Drug(s) whose efficacy can be enhanced by this phytochemical
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Combination Pair ID: 5
Ref_2
Pair Name Homoharringtonine, Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA)
Partner Name Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA)
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2A60.Z] Acute myeloid leukemia Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->Apoptosis
Gene Regulation Down-regulation Expression BID hsa637
Up-regulation Activity CASP3 hsa836
Up-regulation Activity CASP8 hsa841
Up-regulation Activity CASP9 hsa842
Up-regulation Expression CYCS hsa54205
Up-regulation Acetylation H3C14 hsa126961
Up-regulation Acetylation HRH4 hsa59340
Up-regulation Activity PARP1 hsa142
Up-regulation Expression TNFRSF10B hsa8795
Up-regulation Expression TNFSF10 hsa8743
Up-regulation Expression TP53 hsa7157
In Vitro Model Kasumi-1 Childhood acute myeloid leukemia with maturation Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0589
THP-1 Childhood acute monocytic leukemia Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0006
In Vivo Model 3 to 4-week-old female mice were inoculated subcutaneously with 1×10⁷ THP-1 cells (in 0.1 ml volume) into the hind flanks.
Result The synergistic effect between HHT and SAHA was blocked partially using a specific anti‑TRAIL antibody. The combination therapy was also found to significantly inhibit the growth of leukemia xenografts in vivo with enhanced apoptosis. These results indicate that, by regulating the induction of TRAIL and activation of the TRAIL apoptotic pathway, it is possible to administer HHT at low concentrations in combination with SAHA as an effective therapeutic approach for the treatment of AML.
Combination Pair ID: 6
Ref_3
Pair Name Homoharringtonine, Cisplatin
Partner Name Cisplatin
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2C73] Ovarian cancer Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->DNA damage
Gene Regulation Down-regulation Expression CDKN2A hsa1029
Down-regulation Expression TP53 hsa7157
In Vitro Model OVCAR-3 High grade ovarian serous adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0465
A2780/CP70 Ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0135
Result Combinatorial treatment of ovarian cancer cells with harringtonine and cisplatin results in increased cisplatin-DNA adducts
Combination Pair ID: 967
Ref_4
Pair Name Homoharringtonine, ACC010
Partner Name ACC010
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2A60.Z] Acute myeloid leukemia Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->Apoptosis
Gene Regulation Down-regulation Phosphorylation AKT1 hsa207
Up-regulation Cleavage CASP3 hsa836
Up-regulation Cleavage CASP7 hsa840
Down-regulation Expression CDK2 hsa1017
Down-regulation Expression CDK4 hsa1019
Down-regulation Expression CDK6 hsa1021
Up-regulation Expression CDKN1A hsa1026
Down-regulation Phosphorylation FLT3 hsa2322
Down-regulation Expression MYC hsa4609
Up-regulation Cleavage PARP1 hsa142
Up-regulation Expression PSMD9 hsa5715
Down-regulation Phosphorylation RB1 hsa5925
Down-regulation Phosphorylation STAT5 hsa6776
In Vitro Model MV4‐11 Childhood acute monocytic leukemia Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0064
MOLM-13 Adult acute myeloid leukemia Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_2119
In Vivo Model MOLM13‐luciferase cells (1×10⁶) were injected into each mouse via the tail vein. After 6 days, cell engraftment was assessed after intraperitoneal injection of luciferin.
Result ACC010 and HHT cooperatively downregulated MYC and inhibited FLT3 activation. Further, when HHT was added, ACC010-resistant cells demonstrated a good synergy. We also extended our study to the mouse BaF3 cell line with FLT3-inhibitor-resistant FLT3-ITD/tyrosine kinase domain mutations and AML cells without FLT3-ITD. Collectively, our results suggested that the combination treatment of ACC010 and HHT might be a promising strategy for AML patients, especially those carrying FLT3-ITD.
Drug(s) whose toxicity can be decreased by this phytochemical
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Combination Pair ID: 968
Ref_1
Pair Name Homoharringtonine, Daunorubicin
Partner Name Daunorubicin
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2A60.Z] Acute myeloid leukemia Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->Blockade of cell cycle in S phase
In Vitro Model HL‐60 Adult acute myeloid leukemia Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0002
K-562 Blast phase chronic myelogenous leukemia Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0004
In Vivo Model 6–8 weeks old female BALB/c nude mice were injected with 1.0 × 107 HL60 cells subcutaneously in the right flank. When the solid tumor volume reached about 100 mm3, the mice were randomly assigned into 4 groups (7 mice per group): saline group, free DNR+HHT group, DH-LP group, FA-DH-LP group.
Result FA-DH-LP might present a promising delivery strategy to improve the efficacy of the two combinational chemotherapeutics while reducing toxicity
04. Reference
No. Title Href
1 Co-Delivery of Daunorubicin and Homoharringtonine in Folic Acid Modified-Liposomes for Enhancing Therapeutic Effect on Acute Myeloid Leukemia. J Pharm Sci. 2023 Jan;112(1):123-131. doi: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.04.014. Click
2 Homoharringtonine and SAHA synergistically enhance apoptosis in human acute myeloid leukemia cells through upregulation of TRAIL and death receptors. Mol Med Rep. 2013 Jun;7(6):1838-44. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1440. Click
3 Combinatorial treatment of ovarian cancer cells with harringtonine and cisplatin results in increased cisplatin-DNA adducts. Oncol Rep. 2004 Apr;11(4):833-8. Click
4 ACC010, a novel BRD4 inhibitor, synergized with homoharringtonine in acute myeloid leukemia with FLT3-ITD. Mol Oncol. 2023 Jul;17(7):1402-1418. doi: 10.1002/1878-0261.13368. Click
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