Amygdalin, Amygdaloside, Laetrile, Mandelonitrile beta Gentiobioside, Mandelonitrile-beta-Gentiobioside, Neoamygdalin, Vitamin B17
| Name | Amygdalin | ||
| PubChem CID | 656516 | ||
| Molecular Weight | 457.4g/mol | ||
| Synonyms |
Amygdalin, Amygdaloside, Laetrile, Mandelonitrile beta Gentiobioside, Mandelonitrile-beta-Gentiobioside, Neoamygdalin, Vitamin B17 |
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| Formula | C₂₀H₂₇NO₁₁ | ||
| SMILES | C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C#N)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)COC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O | ||
| InChI | 1S/C20H27NO11/c21-6-10(9-4-2-1-3-5-9)30-20-18(28)16(26)14(24)12(32-20)8-29-19-17(27)15(25)13(23)11(7-22)31-19/h1-5,10-20,22-28H,7-8H2/t10-,11+,12+,13+,14+,15-,16-,17+,18+,19+,20+/m0/s1 | ||
| InChIKey | XUCIJNAGGSZNQT-JHSLDZJXSA-N | ||
| CAS Number | 29883-15-6 | ||
| ChEMBL ID | CHEMBL461727 | ||
| ChEBI ID | CHEBI:17019 | ||
| Herb ID | HBIN015934 | ||
| KEGG ID | C08325 | ||
| Toxicity | Organism | Test Type | Route(Dose) |
| rat | LD50 | intraperitoneal(165 mg/kg) | |
| mouse | LD50 | intraperitoneal(254 mg/kg) | |
| rat | LD50 | oral(322 mg/kg) | |
| Structure | 
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2D
MOL
3D
MOL
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| Chineses Pinyin | KuXingRen | ||
| Use Part | Seed | ||
| Habitat | NeiMengGu, JiLin, LiaoNing, HeBei, ShanXi, Shaanxi | ||
| Flavor | Bitter | ||
| Meridian Tropism | Lung, Large intestine | ||
| Species |
>Kingdom: Viridiplantae
-->Phylum: Streptophyta
-->Class: Equisetopsida
-->Order: Rosales
-->Family: Rosaceae
-->Genus: Prunus
-->Species: Prunus armeniaca
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| Chineses Pinyin | MuGua | ||
| Use Part | Fruit | ||
| Habitat | AnHui, ZheJiang, HuBei, SiChuan, HuNan, FuJian, HeNan, Shaanxi | ||
| Flavor | Sour | ||
| Meridian Tropism | Liver, Spleen | ||
| Species |
>Kingdom: Viridiplantae
-->Phylum: Streptophyta
-->Class: Equisetopsida
-->Order: Rosales
-->Family: Rosaceae
-->Genus: Chaenomeles
-->Species: Chaenomeles speciosa
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| Chineses Pinyin | PiPaYe | ||
| Use Part | Leaf | ||
| Habitat | GuangDong, JiangSu, ZheJiang, FuJian, HuBei | ||
| Flavor | Bitter | ||
| Meridian Tropism | Lung, Stomach | ||
| Species |
>Kingdom: Viridiplantae
-->Phylum: Streptophyta
-->Class: Equisetopsida
-->Order: Rosales
-->Family: Rosaceae
-->Genus: Eriobotrya
-->Species: Eriobotrya japonica
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| Chineses Pinyin | ShanZhaYe | ||
| Use Part | Leaf | ||
| Habitat | ShanDong, HeNan, HeBei, LiaoNing | ||
| Flavor | Sour | ||
| Meridian Tropism | Liver | ||
| Species |
>Kingdom: Viridiplantae
-->Phylum: Streptophyta
-->Class: Equisetopsida
-->Order: Rosales
-->Family: Rosaceae
-->Genus: Crataegus
-->Species: Crataegus pinnatifida
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| Chineses Pinyin | TaoRen | ||
| Use Part | Seed | ||
| Habitat | BeiJing, ShanDong, Shaanxi, HeNan, LiaoNing | ||
| Flavor | Bitter, Sweet | ||
| Meridian Tropism | Heart, Liver, Large intestine | ||
| Species |
>Kingdom: Viridiplantae
-->Phylum: Streptophyta
-->Class: Equisetopsida
-->Order: Rosales
-->Family: Rosaceae
-->Genus: Prunus
-->Species: Prunus persica
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| Chineses Pinyin | WuMei | ||
| Use Part | Unripe Fruit | ||
| Habitat | HuNan, JiangXi, ZheJiang, FuJian, GuangDong, GuiZhou, YunNan, HaiNan, XiZang, TaiWan | ||
| Flavor | Sour, Astringent | ||
| Meridian Tropism | Liver, Spleen, Lung, Large intestine | ||
| Species |
>Kingdom: Viridiplantae
-->Phylum: Streptophyta
-->Class: Equisetopsida
-->Order: Rosales
-->Family: Rosaceae
-->Genus: Prunus
-->Species: Prunus mume
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| Chineses Pinyin | YuLiRen | ||
| Use Part | Ripe Seed | ||
| Habitat | HeiLongJiang, LiaoNing, JiLin, NeiMengGu | ||
| Flavor | Pungent, Bitter, Sweet | ||
| Meridian Tropism | Spleen, Large intestine, Small intestine | ||
| Species |
>Kingdom: Viridiplantae
-->Phylum: Streptophyta
-->Class: Equisetopsida
-->Order: Rosales
-->Family: Rosaceae
-->Genus: Prunus
-->Species: Prunus humilis
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| Chineses Pinyin | CiWuJia | ||
| Use Part | Root | ||
| Habitat | HeiLongJiang, JiLin, LiaoNing, HeBei, ShanXi | ||
| Flavor | Pungent, Mildly bitter | ||
| Meridian Tropism | Spleen, Kidney, Heart | ||
| Species |
>Kingdom: Viridiplantae
-->Phylum: Streptophyta
-->Class: Equisetopsida
-->Order: Apiales
-->Family: Araliaceae
-->Genus: Eleutherococcus
-->Species: Eleutherococcus senticosus
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| Chineses Pinyin | BaDanXingRen | ||
| Use Part | Seed | ||
| Habitat | Shaanxi, GanSu, XinJiang | ||
| Flavor | Bitter, Sweet | ||
| Meridian Tropism | Heart, Liver, Large intestine | ||
| Chineses Pinyin | MeiHeRen | ||
| Use Part | Seed Kernel | ||
| Habitat | HuNan, JiangXi, ZheJiang, FuJian, GuangDong, GuiZhou, YunNan, HaiNan, XiZang, TaiWan | ||
| Flavor | Sour | ||
| Meridian Tropism | Lung, Heart, Liver, Large intestine | ||
| Chineses Pinyin | ShanXingRen | ||
| Use Part | Seed | ||
| Habitat | NeiMengGu, JiLin, LiaoNing, HeBei, ShanXi, Shaanxi | ||
| Flavor | Bitter | ||
| Meridian Tropism | Lung, Large intestine | ||
| Species |
>Kingdom: Viridiplantae
-->Phylum: Streptophyta
-->Class: Equisetopsida
-->Order: Rosales
-->Family: Rosaceae
-->Genus: Prunus
-->Species: Prunus armeniaca
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| Chineses Pinyin | SuanCheng | ||
| Use Part | Fruit | ||
| Habitat | HuNan, JiangXi, ZheJiang, FuJian, GuangDong, GuiZhou, YunNan, HaiNan, XiZang, TaiWan | ||
| Flavor | Sour | ||
| Species |
>Kingdom: Viridiplantae
-->Phylum: Streptophyta
-->Class: Equisetopsida
-->Order: Sapindales
-->Family: Rutaceae
-->Genus: Citrus
-->Species: Citrus aurantium
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| Chineses Pinyin | Tao | ||
| Use Part | Fruit | ||
| Habitat | HeBei, ShanXi, Shaanxi, GanSu, ShanDong, HeNan, SiChuan, YunNan | ||
| Flavor | Sweet, Sour | ||
| Meridian Tropism | Lung, Large intestine | ||
| Species |
>Kingdom: Viridiplantae
-->Phylum: Streptophyta
-->Class: Equisetopsida
-->Order: Ranunculales
-->Family: Menispermaceae
-->Genus: Amygdalus
-->Species: Amygdalus persica
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| Chineses Pinyin | WenBo | ||
| Use Part | Bark | ||
| Habitat | JiangSu, ShanDong, HuBei, HeBei, Shaanxi, HeiLongJiang, JiLin, LiaoNing | ||
| Flavor | Sweet, Sour | ||
| Species |
>Kingdom: Viridiplantae
-->Phylum: Streptophyta
-->Class: Equisetopsida
-->Order: Rosales
-->Family: Rosaceae
-->Genus: Cydonia
-->Species: Cydonia oblonga
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| Chineses Pinyin | XingShuGen | ||
| Use Part | Root | ||
| Habitat | HeBei, ShanXi, ShanDong, JiangSu, HeiLongJiang, JiLin, LiaoNing, BeiJing, TianJin, NeiMengGu, GanSu | ||
| Flavor | Bitter | ||
| Meridian Tropism | Liver, Kidney | ||
| Chineses Pinyin | |||
| Use Part | Seed | ||
| Flavor | Bitter | ||
| Meridian Tropism | Lung; Large Intestine | ||
| Species |
>Kingdom: Viridiplantae
-->Phylum: Streptophyta
-->Class: Magnoliopsida
-->Order: Rosales
-->Family: Rosaceae
-->Genus: Prunus
-->Species: Prunus dulcis
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| Pair Name | Amygdalin, Cisplatin | |||
| Partner Name | Cisplatin | |||
| Disease Info | [ICD-11: 2C60] | Breast cancer | Investigative | |
| Biological Phenomena | Induction-->Apoptosis | |||
| Gene Regulation | Down-regulation | Expression | BBC3 | hsa27113 |
| Down-regulation | Phosphorylation | TP53 | hsa7157 | |
| Down-regulation | Expression | BAX | hsa581 | |
| Up-regulation | Expression | BCL2 | hsa596 | |
| Up-regulation | Expression | BCL-xL | hsa598 | |
| Down-regulation | Cleavage | CASP9 | hsa842 | |
| In Vitro Model | MCF-7 | Invasive breast carcinoma of no special type | Homo sapiens (Human) | CVCL_0031 |
| MDA-MB-231 | Breast adenocarcinoma | Homo sapiens (Human) | CVCL_0062 | |
| Result | Our present findings suggest that amygdalin has chemo-modulatory effect when used in co-treatment with cisplatin and is able to protect normal breast cells as well as the fibroblasts during chemotherapy treatment, indicating a strong selective chemoprotective ability and may contribute to a better quality of life for cancer patients. | |||
| Pair Name | Amygdalin, Sorafenib | |||
| Partner Name | Sorafenib | |||
| Disease Info | [ICD-11: 2D91] | Ehrlich ascites carcinoma | Investigative | |
| Gene Regulation | Up-regulation | Expression | NFE2L2 | hsa4780 |
| Up-regulation | Expression | SOD1 | hsa6647 | |
| Down-regulation | Expression | MMP9 | hsa4318 | |
| Down-regulation | Expression | VEGFA | hsa7422 | |
| In Vitro Model | EAC-E2G8 | Malignant neoplasms of the mouse mammary gland | Mus musculus (Mouse) | CVCL_WJ08 |
| In Vivo Model | Each mouse was injected with 200 mL of 1×10⁶ EAC cells. | |||
| Result | Amy improved the antitumor effect of Sor and had a protective role on liver damage induced by EAC in mice. | |||
| No. | Title | Href |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Amygdalin potentiates the anti-cancer effect of Sorafenib on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma and ameliorates the associated liver damage. Sci Rep. 2022 Apr 20;12(1):6494. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-10517-0. | Click |
| 2 | Amygdalin as a chemoprotective agent in co-treatment with cisplatin. Front Pharmacol. 2022 Sep 20;13:1013692. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1013692. | Click |
