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2,4,5,7,12b,12c-hexahydro-1H-(1,3)dioxolo- (4,5-j)pyrrolo(3,2,1-de)phenanthridine-1,2-diol, lycorine, lycorine hydrochloride, (1alpha,2beta)-isomer

No.	Title	Href
1	Lycorine Downregulates HMGB1 to Inhibit Autophagy and Enhances Bortezomib Activity in Multiple Myeloma. Theranostics. 2016 Sep 24;6(12):2209-2224. doi: 10.7150/thno.15584.	`Click`
2	Induction of apoptosis in glioma cells by lycorine via reactive oxygen species generation and regulation of NF-κB pathways. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2023 Jun;396(6):1247-1255. doi: 10.1007/s00210-023-02384-x.	`Click`

No.

Title

Href

Lycorine Downregulates HMGB1 to Inhibit Autophagy and Enhances Bortezomib Activity in Multiple Myeloma. Theranostics. 2016 Sep 24;6(12):2209-2224. doi: 10.7150/thno.15584.

Click

Induction of apoptosis in glioma cells by lycorine via reactive oxygen species generation and regulation of NF-κB pathways. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2023 Jun;396(6):1247-1255. doi: 10.1007/s00210-023-02384-x.

Click

Name	Lycorine
PubChem CID	72378
Molecular Weight	287.31g/mol
Synonyms	2,4,5,7,12b,12c-hexahydro-1H-(1,3)dioxolo- (4,5-j)pyrrolo(3,2,1-de)phenanthridine-1,2-diol, lycorine, lycorine hydrochloride, (1alpha,2beta)-isomer
Formula	C₁₆H₁₇NO₄
SMILES	C1CN2CC3=CC4=C(C=C3C5C2C1=CC(C5O)O)OCO4
InChI	1S/C16H17NO4/c18-11-3-8-1-2-17-6-9-4-12-13(21-7-20-12)5-10(9)14(15(8)17)16(11)19/h3-5,11,14-16,18-19H,1-2,6-7H2/t11-,14-,15+,16+/m0/s1
InChIKey	XGVJWXAYKUHDOO-DANNLKNASA-N
CAS Number	476-28-8
ChEMBL ID	CHEMBL400092
ChEBI ID	CHEBI:6601
Herb ID	HBIN034010
KEGG ID	C08532
Toxicity	Organism	Test Type	Route(Dose)
	rat	LD50	intraperitoneal(165 mg/kg)
	mouse	LD50	intraperitoneal(254 mg/kg)
	rat	LD50	oral(322 mg/kg)
Structure			Download 2D MOL 3D MOL

Chineses Pinyin	ChaiHu
Use Part	Root
Habitat	HuBei, SiChuan, AnHui
Flavor	Pungent, Bitter
Meridian Tropism	Liver, Gallbladder, Lung
Species	>Kingdom: Viridiplantae 　-->Phylum: Streptophyta 　　-->Class: Equisetopsida 　　　-->Order: Apiales 　　　　-->Family: Apiaceae 　　　　　-->Genus: Bupleurum 　　　　　　-->Species: Bupleurum scorzonerifolium

Chineses Pinyin	XianMao
Use Part	Rhizome
Habitat	China
Flavor	Pungent
Meridian Tropism	Kidney, Liver, Spleen
Species	>Kingdom: Viridiplantae 　-->Phylum: Streptophyta 　　-->Class: Equisetopsida 　　　-->Order: Asparagales 　　　　-->Family: Hypoxidaceae 　　　　　-->Genus: Curculigo 　　　　　　-->Species: Curculigo orchioides

Chineses Pinyin	GanFengCao
Use Part	Herb
Habitat	HuNan, JiangXi, ZheJiang, FuJian, GuangDong, GuiZhou, YunNan, HaiNan, XiZang, TaiWan
Flavor	Sweet
Meridian Tropism	Liver
Species	>Kingdom: Viridiplantae 　-->Phylum: Streptophyta 　　-->Class: Equisetopsida 　　　-->Order: Asparagales 　　　　-->Family: Amaryllidaceae 　　　　　-->Genus: Zephyranthes 　　　　　　-->Species: Zephyranthes candida

Chineses Pinyin	GuTingHua
Use Part	Bulb
Habitat	HaiNan
Species	>Kingdom: Viridiplantae 　-->Phylum: Streptophyta 　　-->Class: Equisetopsida 　　　-->Order: Asparagales 　　　　-->Family: Amaryllidaceae 　　　　　-->Genus: Hippeastrum 　　　　　　-->Species: Hippeastrum rutilum

Chineses Pinyin	GuanMuWenShuLan
Use Part	Leaf, Bulb
Habitat	Indonesia , Sumatra
Species	>Kingdom: Viridiplantae 　-->Phylum: Streptophyta 　　-->Class: Equisetopsida 　　　-->Order: Asparagales 　　　　-->Family: Amaryllidaceae 　　　　　-->Genus: Crinum 　　　　　　-->Species: Crinum asiaticum

Chineses Pinyin	JinHuaShiSuan
Use Part	Bulb
Habitat	GuiZhou, SiChuan, YunNan, XiZang, ChongQing
Species	>Kingdom: Viridiplantae 　-->Phylum: Streptophyta 　　-->Class: Equisetopsida 　　　-->Order: Asparagales 　　　　-->Family: Amaryllidaceae 　　　　　-->Genus: Lycoris 　　　　　　-->Species: Lycoris aurea

Chineses Pinyin	ShiSuan
Use Part	Bulb
Habitat	JiangSu, ZheJiang, AnHui, FuJian, JiangXi, ShanDong, ShangHai, HeNan, HuNan, HuBei, GuangDong, GuangXi, HaiNan, SiChuan, GuiZhou, YunNan, XiZang, ChongQing, ShanXi, HeNan, JiangSu, ZheJiang
Flavor	Pungent, Sweet
Meridian Tropism	Lung, Stomach, Liver
Species	>Kingdom: Viridiplantae 　-->Phylum: Streptophyta 　　-->Class: Equisetopsida 　　　-->Order: Asparagales 　　　　-->Family: Amaryllidaceae 　　　　　-->Genus: Lycoris 　　　　　　-->Species: Lycoris radiata

Chineses Pinyin	ShuiXianHua
Use Part	Flower
Habitat	JiangSu, ZheJiang, FuJian, GuangDong, SiChuan, GuiZhou
Flavor	Pungent
Species	>Kingdom: Viridiplantae 　-->Phylum: Streptophyta 　　-->Class: Equisetopsida 　　　-->Order: Asparagales 　　　　-->Family: Amaryllidaceae 　　　　　-->Genus: Narcissus 　　　　　　-->Species: Narcissus tazetta

Chineses Pinyin	WenShuLan
Use Part	Leaf, Bulb
Habitat	TaiWan, GuangDong, FuJian
Flavor	Pungent
Species	>Kingdom: Viridiplantae 　-->Phylum: Streptophyta 　　-->Class: Equisetopsida 　　　-->Order: Asparagales 　　　　-->Family: Amaryllidaceae 　　　　　-->Genus: Crinum 　　　　　　-->Species: Crinum asiaticum

Chineses Pinyin	XuePianLian
Species	>Kingdom: Viridiplantae 　-->Phylum: Streptophyta 　　-->Class: Equisetopsida 　　　-->Order: Asparagales 　　　　-->Family: Amaryllidaceae 　　　　　-->Genus: Leucojum 　　　　　　-->Species: Leucojum vernum

Pair Name	Lycorine, Bortezomib
Partner Name	Bortezomib
Disease Info	[ICD-11: 2A83]	Multiple myeloma		Investigative
Biological Phenomena	Inhibition-->Autophagy
Gene Regulation	Down-regulation	Phosphorylation	BCL2	hsa596
	Down-regulation	Expression	BECN1	hsa8678
	Down-regulation	Expression	HMGB1	hsa3146
	Down-regulation	Expression	MAP1LC3B	hsa81631
	Down-regulation	Phosphorylation	MAP2K7	hsa5609
	Down-regulation	Phosphorylation	MAPK1	hsa5594
In Vitro Model	ARH-77	Plasma cell myeloma	Homo sapiens (Human)	CVCL_1072
	MM1.S	Plasma cell myeloma	Homo sapiens (Human)	CVCL_8792
	NCI-H929	Plasma cell myeloma	Homo sapiens (Human)	CVCL_1600
In Vivo Model	The mice were subcutaneously inoculated in the flank with 5×10⁶ MM.1S cells in 100 µl of phosphate-buffered saline.
Result	We observed higher HMGB1 expression in bortezomib resistant cells and the combination of bortezomib plus lycorine was highly efficient in vitro and in vivo myeloma models as well as in re-sensitizing resistant cells to bortezomib. These observations indicate lycorine as an effective autophagy inhibitor and reveal that lycorine alone or in combination with bortezomib is a potential therapeutic strategy.

Pair Name	Lycorine, Temozolomide
Partner Name	Temozolomide
Disease Info	[ICD-11: 2A00]	Glioblastoma multiforme		Investigative
Biological Phenomena	Induction-->ROS generation
Gene Regulation	Up-regulation	Expression	IKBKE	hsa9641
Gene Regulation	Down-regulation	Phosphorylation	RELA	hsa5970
In Vitro Model	C6	Rat malignant glioma	Rattus norvegicus (Rat)	CVCL_0194
Result	Our study suggested that lycorine exerts an anti-glioma effect by inducing ROS production and inhibiting NF-κB, which validated that lycorine may be a potential candidate for glioma treatment alone or in combination with TMZ.