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Phytochemical Details

01. General Information

Name	Alpha-Carotene
PubChem CID	6419725
Molecular Weight	536.9g/mol
Synonyms	alpha-carotene, alpha-carotene, (6'R)-isomer
Formula	C₄₀H₅₆
SMILES	CC1=C(C(CCC1)(C)C)C=CC(=CC=CC(=CC=CC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC2C(=CCCC2(C)C)C)C)C
InChI	1S/C40H56/c1-31(19-13-21-33(3)25-27-37-35(5)23-15-29-39(37,7)8)17-11-12-18-32(2)20-14-22-34(4)26-28-38-36(6)24-16-30-40(38,9)10/h11-14,17-23,25-28,37H,15-16,24,29-30H2,1-10H3/b12-11+,19-13+,20-14+,27-25+,28-26+,31-17+,32-18+,33-21+,34-22+/t37-/m0/s1
InChIKey	ANVAOWXLWRTKGA-NTXLUARGSA-N
CAS Number	7488-99-5
ChEBI ID	CHEBI:35147
Drug Bank ID	DB15909
Structure		Download 2D MOL 3D MOL

02. Source Information of Phytochemical

(1) Zea mays Even

Chineses Pinyin	YuShuShu
Use Part	Seed
Habitat	China
Flavor	Sweet
Meridian Tropism	Stomach, Large intestine
Species	>Kingdom: Viridiplantae 　-->Phylum: Streptophyta 　　-->Class: Equisetopsida 　　　-->Order: Poales 　　　　-->Family: Poaceae 　　　　　-->Genus: Zea 　　　　　　-->Species: Zea mays

(2) Capsicum annuum Hot

Chineses Pinyin	LaJiao
Use Part	Fruit
Habitat	China
Flavor	Pungent
Meridian Tropism	Heart, Spleen
Species	>Kingdom: Viridiplantae 　-->Phylum: Streptophyta 　　-->Class: Equisetopsida 　　　-->Order: Solanales 　　　　-->Family: Solanaceae 　　　　　-->Genus: Capsicum 　　　　　　-->Species: Capsicum annuum

(3) Diospyros kaki Cold

Chineses Pinyin	ShiYe
Use Part	Leaf
Habitat	HeBei, HeNan, ShanDong
Flavor	Bitter
Meridian Tropism	Lung
Species	>Kingdom: Viridiplantae 　-->Phylum: Streptophyta 　　-->Class: Equisetopsida 　　　-->Order: Ericales 　　　　-->Family: Ebenaceae 　　　　　-->Genus: Diospyros 　　　　　　-->Species: Diospyros kaki

(4) Ginkgo bilobe Even

(5) Lablab purpureus Warm

Chineses Pinyin	BianDou
Use Part	Seed
Habitat	China
Flavor	Sweet
Meridian Tropism	Spleen, Stomach
Species	>Kingdom: Viridiplantae 　-->Phylum: Streptophyta 　　-->Class: Equisetopsida 　　　-->Order: Fabales 　　　　-->Family: Fabaceae 　　　　　-->Genus: Lablab 　　　　　　-->Species: Lablab purpureus

(6) Lycopersicon esculintum Cold

(7) Daucus carota Even

Chineses Pinyin	YeHuLuoBo
Use Part	Root, Fruit
Habitat	SiChuan, GuiZhou, HuBei, JiangXi, AnHui, JiangSu
Flavor	Bitter, Pungent
Species	>Kingdom: Viridiplantae 　-->Phylum: Streptophyta 　　-->Class: Equisetopsida 　　　-->Order: Apiales 　　　　-->Family: Apiaceae 　　　　　-->Genus: Daucus 　　　　　　-->Species: Daucus carota

(8) Elaeis guineensis Unknown

Chineses Pinyin	YouZong
Use Part	Root
Habitat	Egypt , South Africa , Kenya, Nigeria , TaiWan, HaiNan, YunNan
Species	>Kingdom: Viridiplantae 　-->Phylum: Streptophyta 　　-->Class: Equisetopsida 　　　-->Order: Arecales 　　　　-->Family: Arecaceae 　　　　　-->Genus: Elaeis 　　　　　　-->Species: Elaeis guineensis

(9) Daucus carota Even

Chineses Pinyin	HuluoBo
Use Part	Root
Habitat	China
Species	>Kingdom: Viridiplantae 　-->Phylum: Streptophyta 　　-->Class: Equisetopsida 　　　-->Order: Apiales 　　　　-->Family: Apiaceae 　　　　　-->Genus: Daucus 　　　　　　-->Species: Daucus carota

03. Combinatorial Therapeutic Effect(s)

Synergistic Effect

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Drug(s) whose efficacy can be enhanced by this phytochemical

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Combination Pair ID: 269

Ref_1

Pair Name	Alpha-Carotene, Paclitaxel
Partner Name	Paclitaxel
Disease Info	[ICD-11: 2C25]	Lung cancer		Investigative
Biological Phenomena	Inhibition-->Cell metastasis
Gene Regulation	Down-regulation	Expression	MMP2	hsa4313
	Down-regulation	Expression	MMP9	hsa4318
	Down-regulation	Phosphorylation	PTK2	hsa5747
	Up-regulation	Expression	SERPINE1	hsa5054
	Up-regulation	Expression	TIMP1	hsa7076
	Up-regulation	Expression	TIMP2	hsa7077
In Vitro Model	3LL	Malignant tumors of the mouse pulmonary system	Mus musculus (Mouse)	CVCL_5653
In Vivo Model	Approximately 2×10⁶ LLC cells (0.1 ml/mouse) were injected (s.c.) into the right flank of mice.
Result	We demonstrate that AC effectively inhibits LLC metastasis and suppresses lung metastasis in combination with taxol in LLC-bearing mice, suggesting that AC could be used as an anti-metastatic agent or as an adjuvant for anti-cancer drugs.

04. Reference

No.	Title	Href
1	Alpha-carotene inhibits metastasis in Lewis lung carcinoma in vitro, and suppresses lung metastasis and tumor growth in combination with taxol in tumor xenografted C57BL/6 mice. J Nutr Biochem. 2015 Jun;26(6):607-15. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.12.012.	`Click`